International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies
ISSN(print): 2770-2782, ISSN(online): 2770-2790
Volume 04 Issue 02 February 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55677/ijssers/V04I2Y2024-01, Impact Factor: 6.759
Page No : 79-96
79 Avaliable at: www.ijssers.org
Environmental risk management at Ba Na tourism destination and Da Nang
City, Vietnam
Tuong Nguyen Thanh
Head Faculty of Geography, at the University of Science and Education – The University of Da Nang, Vietnam
ABSTRACT
Published Online: February 06, 2024
Da Nang is a coastal city with a beach more than 60 km long. With beautiful beaches, gentle stretches
and endless white sand, including My Khe beach, voted by US Forbes magazine as one of the 6 most
attractive beaches on the planet. Da Nang also has the Ba Na Hills tourism brand. Discovered and built
during the French colonial period, Ba Na tourist area is located west of Da Nang city, increasingly
attracting tourists with a cable car system that holds 4 world records and an indoor entertainment area.
The largest in Southeast Asia – Fantasy Park. Orientation for tourism development of Da Nang city to
2030, vision to 2045 with the goal of becoming a high-quality tourism and service center, creative
tourism destination of Vietnam and Southeast Asia; Vision that by 2045, the city will become Asia's
leading tourist destination, one of the centers of high-end, creative, green, smart marine and eco-
tourism resorts and organize conferences and events. international festival events. To accomplish this
task, environmental risk management at tourist destinations plays an important role in creating the
image of the destination. Effective environmental risk management at the destination will help ensure
tourist safety, increase tourist satisfaction and contribute to tourism development at the destination.
KEYWORDS
Da Nang city, Ba Na
tourist area, risk
management, tourist
destinations, cable car
system.
1. INTRODUCTION
With its position as one of three major tourist centers on the
Vietnam tourist map, Da Nang - a beautiful, peaceful and
hospitable coastal city, where tourists can easily reach by
road, airways, railways and waterways. A geographical and
historical mark, a convenient transit point to world cultural
heritages such as Hue, My Son, Hoi An and the world
biosphere reserve Cu Lao Cham. Over time, Da Nang city is
increasingly asserting itself as an attractive and ideal
destination for friends and tourists from all over the world.
Tourists will go from one surprise to another on the journey
to explore cultural relics, history, landscapes, Hai Van Pass -
the most glorious place in the world, the legendary Marble
Mountains, to This beautiful stretch of coastline is honored as
one of the six most beautiful beaches on the planet. Moreover,
Da Nang city is where tourists can enjoy international
standard resort services with world-famous brands such as
Intercontinental, Novotel, Crowne Plaza, Furama... Join the
Corresponding Author: Tuong Nguyen Thanh
*Cite this Article: Tuong Nguyen Thanh (2024).
Environmental risk management at Ba Na tourism
destination and Da Nang City, Vietnam. International
Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies,
4(2), 79-96
journey to explore nature. rich nature and a deep sense of
indigenous life and culture. Da Nang city is considered an
important transit point on the Central Heritage Road. Da
Nang city is surrounded by 3 world cultural heritages: Hue
(Thua Thien Hue province), Hoi An and My Son (Thua Thien
Hue province). Quang Nam Province). A little further is the
world natural heritage Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park
and Thien Duong Cave (Quang Binh province). It is this
location that clearly highlights the role of Da Nang city in the
region - it is the place to welcome, serve and transfer guests.
Not only is it the center of three world heritage sites, Da Nang
city also has many beautiful landscapes that visitors can
hardly forget after visiting this city. To the North there is Hai
Van Pass, to the West there is Ba Na Mountain, to the
Northeast there is Son Tra Peninsula, an ideal meeting point
for tourists [8], [9], [10].
With the advantage of natural resources and unique cultural
values, Da Nang has become a top destination for domestic
and international tourists. According to the Department of
Tourism of Da Nang city, in the period 2018 - 2019, Da Nang
tourism developed rapidly with the total number of visitors in
2019 estimated at 8,692,421, an increase of 13.4% compared
to Compared to the same period in 2018, reaching 106.1% of
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the plan; Of which, international visitors are estimated at
3,522,928, an increase of 22.5% over the same period in
2018, domestic visitors are estimated at 5,169,493, an
increase of 8% over the same period in 2018. Total tourism
revenue is estimated at 30,973. billion VND, an increase of
16.7% over the same period in 2018, reaching 113% of the
plan. Thus, as of 2019, tourism has basically become a key
economic sector of Da Nang city by meeting 6 basic
evaluation criteria. However, due to the impact of the COVID
-19 epidemic, city tourism suffered heavy losses for two
consecutive years 2020 - 2021. According to the report of the
Da Nang Department of Tourism in 2021, the total number of
tourist arrivals Staying in the city is estimated at more than
1.1 million visitors, of which international visitors are
estimated at 110 thousand, down 84.2% compared to 2020;
Domestic visitors are estimated to reach more than 1 million,
total revenue from accommodation and travel services is
estimated to reach 2,550 billion VND, down 36% compared
to 2020. From March 2022, when the Government has a
policy of fully opening Domestic and international tourism
activities, market promotion, and restoration of flight routes
have been focused on by Da Nang city with many positive
results. From 2022 to 2023, the number of tourists coming to
Da Nang city has tended to increase sharply, and is on the
verge of recovering development. In 2023, guests served by
accommodation establishments are expected to reach more
than 7.39 million, increasing 2 times compared to 2022, equal
to 92% compared to 2019; Of which international visitors are
expected to reach more than 1.98 million, an increase of more
than 4.2 times compared to 2022, equal to 61% compared to
2019; Domestic visitors are expected to reach more than 5.4
million, an increase of 66% compared to 2022, equal to 113%
compared to 2019. Accommodation, catering and travel
revenue reached nearly 28 trillion VND, an increase of 44%
compared to 2019. by 2022, equal to 130% compared to 2019.
It can be seen that tourism in Da Nang city has returned to
excitement and clearly prospered [5], [6].
II. THEORETICAL BASIS AND RESEARCH
METHODS
2.1. Some general problems
2.1.1. Ways to reach tourist destinations
- Accessing a tourist destination geographically: A tourist
destination is a geographical location to which a tourist is
making a journey to satisfy his or her needs depending on the
purpose of the trip. There are two types of destinations: final
destinations and intermediate destinations.
- Approaching tourist destinations from an economic
perspective: Destination is conceived as a supply factor for
tourism.
- Approach a tourist destination from an integrated
perspective: A destination is a collection of all aspects of
tourism in a unified structure including: demand,
transportation, supply and marketing activities.
- General concept of tourist destination: A tourist destination
is understood as a geographical location, with attractive
tourism resources, planned, managed and designed with
amenities and services to attract and meet tourist needs.
2.1.2. Safety and security of tourist destinations
- Concept of safety and security of tourist destinations:
Approach in a narrow range: Safety is understood as a state
of peace, avoiding dangers, incidents...
Wide-range approach: Security is the peaceful state of the
state's society, the solid stability of the socio-political
regime...
- General concept of safety and security of tourist destination:
Is a state of tourism development associated with a stable,
solid social order situation and no incidents that endanger life
and spirit. and assets of both tourists and the social
community.
- Content of safety and security of tourist destinations:
Ensuring general security of the destination, Disease
prevention, Natural disaster prevention, Fire and explosion
prevention, Traffic safety, Environmental safety, Food safety
food production.
2.1.3. Risk management at tourism destinations
- Concept of risk management at tourist destinations: Risks
are unwanted incidents, causing physical, mental, property
damage... Risk is the combination of frequency of incidents
and the severity of the consequences. Risks come from many
different causes, but most of them affect the destination and
especially the tourists. In fact, every destination has potential
risks, so if risk management is not good, that destination will
have difficulty developing. Risk management at a tourist
destination is the process of organizing security and safety
incident response activities to minimize damage to tourists,
the community and the destination.
- Content of risk management at tourist destinations: Risk
management planning and risk response preparation, Risk
response training and practice, Risk response
implementation, Evaluation and withdrawal experience.
2.2. Research Methods
This study uses a combination of qualitative research and
quantitative research.
Qualitative research is conducted by analyzing and
synthesizing theories and practical studies of environmental
risk management at tourist destinations, conduct in-depth
interviews with experts in the field of tourism destination
management to serve as a basis for discussing quantitative
research results.
Quantitative research was conducted to collect and process
primary data on environmental risk management at Ba Na
tourist area and Da Nang tourist destination to obtain
information on safety contents and tourism destination
security such as: Ensuring general security of the destination;
Preventing epidemics; Natural disaster prevention; Fire
prevention; Traffic Safety; Environmental safety; Food safety
and hygiene and the content of risk management at tourist
destinations such as: Risk management planning and risk
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response preparation; Training and practicing risk response;
Implement risk response; Evaluate and learn from
experience.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Current status of risk management at Da Nang tourist
destination
3.1.1. Safety and security content about the environment
of Da Nang tourist destination
It can be seen that a destination building a perfect
environmental system is one of the conditions to ensure the
sustainable development of tourism there. In Da Nang city,
environmental safety and security is currently a top concern
in the city's sustainable tourism development. Environmental
issues here are becoming extremely complex and
unpredictable. The reason for this can be due to natural causes
(natural disasters) or due to human activities (exhausting
natural resources, releasing toxins into the environment
causing pollution and environmental degradation,
biodiversity loss...) and mainly from humans themselves.
Regarding the current status of water source quality in Da
Nang city: The downstream area of Vu Gia - Han river is often
salinized due to the impact of climate change and the
operation of hydroelectric plants in the upstream area; Cu De
River, the downstream area is saline and shows signs of
ammonium pollution from domestic wastewater from
residential areas along the river; Phu Loc River, polluted with
organic matter and nutrients due to receiving wastewater from
development activities in the basin; Urban lakes, organic
pollution and eutrophication due to urban wastewater and
discharge of domestic solid waste from surrounding areas; In
areas with high population density, shallow groundwater
shows signs of Coliform pollution; Coastal seawater in the Cu
De and Phu Loc estuary areas and points receiving rainwater
runoff have shown signs of Coliform contamination [12],
[13].
Regarding the current status of air environment quality in Da
Nang city: Total dust (TSP) in developing areas exceeds
allowed standards and tends to increase over time; Quarry
areas with high dust content; Non Nuoc craft village, TSP
dust exceeds standards by 2 times. The impacts on the land
environment due to socio-economic development are
increasing. Conservation of forest, coral and seagrass
biodiversity continues to be maintained and protected, but
there are signs of deterioration. Signs of climate change are
increasingly evident. Extreme climate phenomena are
increasing. Changes in rainfall and prolonged heat have
caused major impacts on development activities as well as
community health.
In addition, population growth, agricultural intensification,
and especially urbanization in the process of industrialization
and modernization are greatly affecting environmental
security. Environmental pollution leads to significant impacts
on tourism activities. Currently, Da Nang city is facing a
situation of rapidly increasing the amount of solid waste
released into the environment. It is forecast that in 2020 -
2025, the city will face more than 1,800 tons of solid
waste/day; 2025 - 2030 is 2,400 tons/day; 2030 - 2040 is
3,000 tons/day. The water supply and drainage system has not
been deployed synchronously, causing wastewater to
overflow into the sea, or creating flooded spots that affect the
health and lives of local people. The large increase in waste
and wastewater due to strong urban development will create
pressure on the land environment. Noise pollution in
industrial parks, emissions from factories and vehicles;
Saltwater intrusion in rivers, storms, floods, sea water
discoloration… have been having negative impacts on Da
Nang's economy in general and the development of tourism
in particular. Besides, the same source of industrial, domestic,
medical, agricultural wastewater... has impacted the water
environment of the main rivers in Da Nang and also directly
affected the ecosystem of this area. The decline of biological
resources, the degradation of ecosystems including:
mangrove forests, coral reefs, seagrass beds, islands, bays,
estuaries... the decline in quality living environment... are
typical manifestations of the negative impact of
environmental pollution on the natural ecosystem [20].
Table 1. Sources and composition of water pollutants in
Da Nang city [12], [13]
No.
Impact
activities
Area of
influence and
level of impact
1
Urban
development
areas serving
the community,
especially new
urban areas
located in the
West,
Southwest and
Northwest of
the city
(housing,
public works,
commercial
services, ...)
Water surface
environment
(near-shore
waters, rivers
especially Han,
Tuy Loan, Cu
De rivers,
regulating lakes
and
underground
water. Severe
level of impact.
2
Industrial parks
(Hoa Khanh,
Lien Chieu,
Hoa Nhon, Hoa
Ninh, ...), high-
tech parks,
centralized
information
technology
parks
Organic substances
such as: BOD5,
COD, heavy
metals, pathogenic
microorganisms,
grease, detergents.
Surface water
and
groundwater
environment in
the area. The
level of impact
is very strong.
3
Logistic area
(Lien Chieu
Water surface
environment in
Tuong Nguyen Thanh, Environmental risk management at Ba Na tourism destination and Da Nang City, Vietnam
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port, Tien Sa
port, Da Nang
airport)
the area. Strong
level of impact
4
Ecological
urban area,
high-tech
agriculture
Water surface
environment in
the area.
Average level
of impact
5
Golf course
area (Ba Na,
VinaCapital, ...)
Surface water
and
groundwater
environment in
the area. The
level of impact
is very strong
6
Hospitals,
medical
services
Surface water
and
groundwater
environment in
the area. Strong
impact
Table 2. Sources and composition of air pollutants in Da
Nang city [14], [15]
No.
Impact activities
Contaminant
composition
Area of
influence and
level of impact
1
Urban development
areas serving the
community,
especially new
urban areas located
in the West,
Southwest and
Northwest of the
city (housing,
public works,
commercial
services, ...)
Air pollutants
such as dust and
CO, SO2…
Air environment
in the area.
Average level of
impact
2
Industrial parks
(Hoa Khanh, Lien
Chieu, Hoa Nhon,
Hoa Ninh, ...), high-
tech parks,
concentrated
information
technology parks
Air pollutants
such as dust, CO,
SO
2
, H
2
S,
chemical
vapour...
Air environment
in the area. The
level of impact is
very strong
3
Logistic area (Lien
Chieu port, Tien Sa
port, Da Nang
airport) ...
Air pollutants
such as dust and
CO, SO
2
, ... due
to motor
Air environment
in the area. Level
of impact very
strong movement
vehicles,
Production labor
activities in the
area
4
Ecological urban
area, high-tech
agriculture
Air pollutants
such as dust and
gases CO, SO
2
...
Air environment
in the area. Low
impact level
5
Urban
transportation
system
Noise, dust, CO,
CO
2
, H
2
S, NO
2
,
SO
2
…
Air environment;
The level of
impact is strong
at traffic
intersections,
yards, and major
roads in the area
6
Agricultural
production
CO, SO
2
, CH
4
,
NO
2
, H
2
S,
smoke, dust…
Air environment;
Moderate level of
impact, strong
local impact at
large livestock
gathering points,
burning straw,
spraying high
concentrations of
plant protection
chemicals...
Thus, it can be seen that Da Nang city is currently facing
extremely complex environmental problems. And for Da
Nang city to develop sustainable tourism, all economic and
social sectors, governments and social organizations... from
central to local levels must coordinate with each other to
ensure Stabilize all three factors: economic, social and
environmental. In April 2022, Da Nang city implemented the
theme "Year of safe, flexible adaptation, effective epidemic
control and socio-economic recovery and development" and
the Plan to reorganize operations. Tourism activities in the
new normal conditions in Da Nang city, departments,
branches and the city Tourism Association actively
implement solutions to restore tourism activities. In
particular, environmental protection is considered one of the
leading solutions to bring a green - clean - beautiful landscape
and green space for tourists when visiting and relaxing. In
addition, the authorities of Da Nang city have promoted the
work of protecting and cleaning the environment [16].
The management board of Son Tra Peninsula and Da Nang
tourist beaches always focuses on checking and supervising
cleaning at the beaches of Da Nang Environment Joint Stock
Company. Coordinate with districts to organize campaigns to
protect the marine tourism environment in response to the
"Green - Clean - Beautiful Sunday" movement, clean up after
storms and classify waste at source. Promote coordination
with groups such as Hoa Nhap Xanh, clubs from East Asian
universities, Duy Tan University, University of Foreign
Languages...participate in cleaning up beaches in Da Nang
city. The troops reminded people not to spread tarpaulins, eat,
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drink, or litter at the beach during the peak tourist season from
July to September.
At tourist attractions in the Nam O area, in order to protect
the tourism environment from negative impacts caused by
waste, the government has arranged trash cans and posted
propaganda boards to remind people to raise awareness when
come visit. Strengthen the coordination of forces such as the
Border Guard, youth union members, associations and unions
of wards to organize regular cleaning and cleaning
operations.
Tourist destinations in Hoa Bac commune also have warning
signs, strictly prohibiting the acts of throwing trash and
camping overnight to prevent dangerous forest fires. Promote
patrolling, monitoring and handling cases of intentional
violations.
In June 2022, the Youth Union of Da Nang city coordinated
with the Department of Natural Resources and Environment
to organize the Festival "Da Nang Youth join hands to protect
the sea and local water sources from plastic waste". Launched
troops to handle 56 environmental pollution points in
residential areas; Build 15 green - clean - beautiful roads in
the city; Propaganda to raise people's awareness of protecting
local water sources... These activities contribute to improving
environmental quality at tourist destinations in particular and
Da Nang city in general. From there, it helps to impress and
build the position of Da Nang city in the hearts of every
tourist [17].
In addition, Da Nang city has approved the Biodiversity
Conservation Project until 2030, with a vision to 2045 to
protect and sustainably develop important and specific
natural ecosystems including species, a rare genetic resource
with high economic value; Reasonable use of biodiversity
resources in a sustainable way to serve the city's socio-
economic development and environmental protection...
Specifically, Son Tra peninsula will be covered with cool
purple flowers and Polyscias fruticosa - a typical flower here.
The trees will be planted along the roads on Son Tra
peninsula, for every 1 bamboo tree to 1 purple linden tree,
each tree 5m apart. Some routes will become unique
highlights for tourists to enjoy during April and early May. As
is known, tourism is a comprehensive economic sector. The
development of tourism depends greatly on resources and the
environment. Therefore, it is necessary to have appropriate
measures to both protect the environment and still develop
tourism in a sustainable way [7].
Along with development plans, urban authorities have
proactively implemented a series of programs and policies to
adapt to climate change, reduce risks and prevent natural
disasters... maintain stable and sustainable development.
Despite having limited resources, high urban speed and
suffering from many natural disasters, the lives of Da Nang
people are still guaranteed in terms of safety, health and
education.
3.1.2. Risk management at the tourist destination of Da
Nang city
3.1.2.1. Make a risk management plan and prepare to
respond to risks
In recent years, Da Nang city's tourism industry has
developed strongly and achieved many great achievements.
Every year, Da Nang city welcomes thousands of tourists.
With such a large concentration of tourists, tourist
destinations in Da Nang city are under pressure from
pollution every day. Tourism development brings revenue to
the city budget, creates jobs, and increases income for local
people. However, the development of many places has not
followed the proper planning, so it affects the environment,
reduces biodiversity... To prevent and prepare to respond to
possible environmental risks, Da Nang city Da Nang has
planned and prepared plans to prevent risks, specifically:
- Regarding pollution: Promulgating specific and timely
policies: Environmental management is comprehensively
implemented in many aspects such as promulgating legal
documents on environmental protection, Environmental
protection regulations in the city, regulations on ensuring
order, safety and environmental sanitation during the
construction of works... Develop programs and projects to
minimize environmental degradation: Da Nang has
implemented programs to manage and regularly inspect the
quality of the marine environment and environmental quality
at tourist areas and accommodation establishments; industrial
pollution management; Thoroughly handle establishments
causing serious environmental pollution in the city... The city
has organized many movements to mobilize the community
to participate in protecting the marine environment such as
"Green, Clean, Beautiful Sunday", a pilot program on waste
classification at source, and decentralization of lake and
lagoon management… Being prepared to respond to
environmental risks that may occur in the future includes
preparing human resources, preparing information, and
preparing facilities and infrastructure, such as: environmental
sanitation staff, environmental sanitation volunteer team at
public places, beaches, amusement parks; Construction of a
drainage and environmental sanitation project, a garbage
collection system, a hygienic landfill, a drainage system in
the inner city and 4 domestic wastewater treatment stations
before being discharged into the sea; Urban Environment
Company has put into use a modern sand floor machine to
clean the beach; built many public restrooms on beaches and
more than 70 food and beverage businesses on beaches
committed to civilized, polite and friendly business at sea.
- About waste: Da Nang City has just issued an action plan
for ocean plastic waste management until 2025, with a vision
to 2030 to prevent the discharge of plastic waste from waste
sources on land and activities at sea. On February 10, 2020,
Da Nang city issued Plan No. 698/UBND-DTDT on
preventing and responding to incidents in the treatment of
domestic solid waste in the city. The purpose and
requirements are to strengthen the capacity to prevent and
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proactively respond to incidents related to household solid
waste treatment in the city in cases such as: incidents caused
by natural disasters, risks caused by damage to infrastructure
and operating facilities of the city's domestic solid waste
treatment items; Incidents caused by organizations and
individuals disrupting the city's domestic solid waste
treatment activities. Assign specific responsibilities to each
agency and unit in coordination to ensure uniformity and
efficiency in the implementation process. Timely deploy
specific solutions according to each situation to ensure that
environmental sanitation work in the city is not interrupted or
passive when any related incidents occur; Minimize the
lowest impacts on the environment, economy and society of
the city [11], [18].
- About climate: Every year, Da Nang city issues guiding
documents on flood and storm prevention, search and rescue,
and response to drought, gradually strengthening the
apparatus of the city's specialized agencies and institutions
and coordination mechanisms related to flood and storm
prevention. The Steering Committee for Flood and Storm
Prevention and Search and Rescue and the Response Steering
Committee have been established and operate effectively.
Responding to climate change, Approving the Plan to respond
to climate change and sea level rise in Da Nang city. Approve
plans to prevent and overcome consequences in response to
natural disaster scenarios; Overcoming environmental
problems after storms and floods in Da Nang city; Issued 02
handbooks "Guidelines for natural disaster prevention" for
authorities and communities.
Coordinate with Quang Nam province on integrated
management of the Vu Gia - Thu Bon river basin and coastal
areas of Quang Nam - Da Nang. Coordinate with the Central
Regional Hydro - Meteorological Station - Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment, receive weather and
natural disaster forecast information, and promptly provide
weather and natural disaster developments to all levels and
sectors, and the city's residential community to proactively
have solutions to prevent and respond to natural disasters.
Coordinate with the General Department of Environment to
implement the project "Reducing pollution and maintaining
environmental flows in the East Asia sea through
implementing integrated river basin management" for the Vu
Gia - Thu Bon basin. Investment in infrastructure,
international cooperation, application of science and
technology, establishment of the Center for Natural Disaster
Prevention and Mitigation to support the Steering Committee
for Flood and Storm Prevention and Search and rescue in
natural disaster prevention and mitigation and
implementation of work to improve the community's natural
disaster response capacity.
On July 28, 2021, Da Nang city issued Decision No.
2609/QD-UBND approving the Action Plan to respond to
climate change in Da Nang city until 2030, with a vision to
2050. One of the city's goals is: "Plans, plans, economic and
social development, and industry development at the city and
district levels are integrated, effectively deploy measures to
respond to climate change in the city". Within the framework
of the ACCCRN program sponsored by the Rockefeller
Foundation (USA), the Office of Climate Change has
implemented the study "Assessing vulnerability due to
climate change for tourism activities in Da Nang city". One
of the important goals of the Project is to identify subjects and
areas vulnerable to climate change for tourism activities in Da
Nang city; Support the tourism industry to develop an action
plan framework to respond to climate change. However, up
to now, plans related to climate change risks in Da Nang city
are still being developed and integrated into the general action
program on responding to climate change in Da Nang city,
has not yet developed a separate project to help Da Nang
city's tourism industry respond to climate change [19], [20].
- About training and practicing risk response: Training
programs on environmental protection in the fields of culture,
sports and tourism are held annually to raise awareness and
strengthen environmental protection management of the
tourism industry towards sustainable development goals. At
the same time, create opportunities for culture, sports and
tourism sector officials to meet, exchange, discuss and share
experiences, good practices, and practical solutions to
overcome difficulties. Obstacles in protecting the cultural,
sports and tourism environment between localities. The class
has the participation of students who are officials, civil
servants, and public employees working in the fields of
culture, sports, and tourism; officers in charge of
environmental protection at organizations and service
businesses in cultural, sports and tourism activities; tourist
accommodation establishments, locally based travel
companies, a team of tour guides and tour guides at tourist
areas and destinations in Da Nang city. During the program,
students will disseminate and improve their professional
knowledge about the environment and some key directions
and solutions for environmental protection in the fields of
culture, sports and tourism; documents on environmental
protection in the fields of culture, sports and tourism;
management knowledge and skills to respond when
environmental incidents occur. Da Nang City has regularly
rehearsed and trained operations, management and
coordination to ensure maximum prevention of
environmental-related incidents.
On July 16, 2022, at Tho Quang Port (Region V Petroleum
Company, Tho Quang Ward, Son Tra District, Da Nang City),
the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Da
Nang city organized a Rehearsal Responding to a city-level
oil spill in 2022. In a hypothetical situation, at 7:30 a.m., the
ship BITUMEN (length 98m, width 15m) with a tonnage of
3,000 DWT carrying asphalt due to negligence while docking
at the bridge Pumping goods into the Tho Quang asphalt
warehouse crashed into the wharf, tearing the ship's hull,
puncturing the fuel tank, causing the ship to tilt and risk
sinking. At the time of the incident, there was about 40m3 of
DO oil left on the ship, the amount of oil spilled into the sea
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was about 20m3 and there was a risk of fire and explosion.
During the response, 3 crew members were injured. The force
directly operating at the scene is over 150 people from 10
units and many vehicles, equipment, and core forces
including: National Center for Central Oil Spill Response,
Central Region Command. City Border Guard, City Police,
Department of Health, Son Tra District People's Committee,
Region V Petroleum Company - One Member Limited
Liability Company, Petrolimex Asphalt Company Limited,
Petrolimex Gas Joint Stock Corporation, Safety Center
Environment and Chemistry... This exercise achieved
important results such as collecting the entire amount of
spilled oil, ensuring correct techniques and transporting it to
the right place for treatment. Ensure the prevention of
situations that can cause fire or explosion during oil spill
response activities and safety and security at sea and onshore
during the incident response process. In particular, it is to
improve the capacity to direct, operate, and coordinate the
implementation of tasks of forces participating in incident
response.
On August 24, 2023, the Department of Natural Resources
and Environment of Da Nang city coordinated with relevant
agencies to organize the 2023 oil spill response drill.
Participating in this exercise were 10 units coordinating with
more than 144 people and many means and response
equipment, including: City Border Guard Command, City
Police, Department of Health, Department of Natural
Resources and Environment, Lien Chieu District People's
Committee, Vicem Hai Van Cement Joint Stock Company,
Vietnam Environmental Incident Response Center and Lien
Chieu Petroleum Warehouse Cluster. Together with the forces
of the Office of the Steering Committee for Natural Disaster
Prevention, Search and Rescue and City Civil Defense,
Central Region Oil Spill Response Center, Da Nang Maritime
Port, Incident Response Team city oil spill and other related
units. According to the scenario, the exercise to respond to a
city-level oil spill in 2023 lasts 90 minutes with a hypothetical
situation: Ship Trinh Xuan 02, with a tonnage of 3,000 DWT
carrying clinker, is handling cargo at the port when an
unexpected storm occurs. Often, the ship's mooring line
breaks, causing the ship's side to collide with the wharf. The
incident tore the ship's hull and punctured the fuel tank,
causing an oil spill. At the time of the incident, there were 8
crew members on board and about 50m
3
of DO oil remaining.
After the incident, the oil spilled into the sea moved from
Northeast to Southwest to the coast and there was a risk of
pollution, fire, and explosion in the incident area and the
coastal area along Nguyen Street. Phuoc Chu to the road
leading to the port of Vicem Hai Van Cement Factory. Upon
receiving the news, specialized agencies coordinated
smoothly and deployed professional tasks to collect the entire
amount of spilled oil to ensure proper techniques and
transport it to the right place for treatment. Ensure the
prevention of situations that can cause fire or explosion
during oil spill response activities and safety and security at
sea and onshore during the incident response process.
Through the drill, improve the capacity to respond to oil spills
for facilities in particular and respond to oil spills for Da Nang
city in general, and at the same time improve the capacity to
direct, operate, and coordinate implementation. Duties of
forces participating in responding to incidents in the city.
Oil spills are one of the many risks inherent in oil exploration,
exploitation, transportation and use activities due to
transportation techniques, pipeline incidents, transmission
equipment, containing oil or caused by natural disasters. Oil
spills pollute the environment and seriously affect marine
ecosystems, affecting people's lives as well as economic
losses in areas such as marine tourism, exploitation and
aquaculture, seafood. Even more serious is the risk of fire or
explosion, endangering human life. Oil spills affect the
environment in many ways and it takes a lot of time to
recover. Therefore, organizing oil spill response drills is one
of the very necessary activities related to the annual
environmental risk management content in Da Nang city, this
is not just a problem of the environmental sector but a
common problem of other sectors including tourism.
3.1.2.2. Implement risk response at tourist destinations
- Regarding environmental pollution: Da Nang City does not
trade the environment for the economy, the city has refused
many large projects that have the risk of affecting the
environment such as the project of the Textile and Garment
Group (Hong Kong) to build textile and dyeing factories and
garment industry with a total estimated investment capital of
200 million USD and a Korean company project also requires
30 hectares of land to build a textile and dyeing complex. The
reason is that the two textile and garment projects have a dye
process that could potentially pollute the environment, so the
city refused. Therefore, to ensure a sustainable tourism and
development environment, Da Nang city advocates only
attracting high-tech industrial projects, supporting industries
and services, especially clean projects. As for projects that
have the risk of causing environmental pollution, the city
does not retain investors but introduces them to other more
suitable localities. The Management Board of Son Tra
Peninsula and Da Nang Beaches coordinates and directly
supervises the River and Sea Environment Enterprise in
collecting trash at beaches and directly collecting plastic
waste and other marine waste within tourist beaches. Da
Nang City promotes environmental protection propaganda
and education in many forms for tourism workers, tourists
and local people. Carry out propaganda for people and
tourists to join hands to protect the environment in many
forms.
Every year, the city also coordinates with restaurants, hotels,
and local units to organize campaigns to clean the marine
environment; Contract with Da Nang Radio and Television
station to develop and broadcast segments on protecting Da
Nang's marine environment; issued leaflets "joining hands to
protect the marine environment" to residents and tourists... In
addition, Da Nang city also has sanctions if businesses in the
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tourism and hotel sector in particular and business units
across the city in general allow unsanitary conditions to
occur, affecting the environment. In April 2023, the
Management Board of Son Tra Peninsula and Da Nang tourist
beaches organized an Environmental Festival with the theme
"Da Nang's sea is always blue", spreading the message of
protecting the marine environment in particular and the
environment of Da Nang city in general. More than 500
people, workers, students, and functional sectors responded
to the festival. This activity is within the framework of the
program "Opening the 2023 beach tourism season" to
propagate and raise awareness of people and tourists, actively
changing community habits in protecting the environment,
say no to plastic waste and nylon bags. Domestic and
international residents and tourists are encouraged to use
environmentally friendly products when visiting, playing,
and entertaining at Da Nang tourist beaches.
Among the 20 beach tourism activities on the occasion of
April 30 and May 1, 2023 in Da Nang, the Management
Board of Son Tra Peninsula and the city's tourist beaches has
integrated activities to protect the forest ecosystem, sea- a
way to spread the message that tourism is always associated
with environmental protection. Right at the stage area for the
opening of the 2023 marine tourism season, people and
tourists can easily see images of flora and fauna species at
Son Tra nature reserve. Many parents taking their children to
the beach stopped at this space to read information and take
photos. The Son Tra Xanh check-in space also attracts tourists
as it stands out against the background of the blue sea and
white sand with baskets painted with images of brown-
shanked douc langurs amidst a forest of cool purple flowers,
stylized fish image or message to love our earth...
- Regarding ensuring the environment and tourism landscape:
Da Nang city focuses on directing the implementation of
measures to ensure environmental hygiene and landscape,
including urgently treating sewers discharging waste into the
sea, environmental cleaning of routes, attractions and areas
with large tourist concentrations; The important role of the
business community and residential community in
implementing a civilized urban cultural lifestyle, behavioral
culture, business culture, implementing the Code of Conduct
in tourism activities has contributed part of building and
continuing to preserve the image of "green-clean-beautiful"
Da Nang destination; Organize and deploy the "Project to
build Da Nang - an environmental city" in tourism activities;
Propagate and mobilize tourism businesses to minimize the
use of single-use plastic products, maintain environmental
hygiene, and classify household solid waste at source. The
work of ensuring environmental hygiene of beaches and Son
Tra peninsula area is regularly paid attention and maintained;
Replicate the green service model - G beach (green business
model, say no to plastic waste and use environmentally
friendly products) to business units and households; Organize
and support tree planting units on Son Tra peninsula with the
activity "Tree Planting Festival - For a Green Son Tra".
- Regarding ensuring security and safety of tourist
destinations: Da Nang city Police forces, district police,
Department of Transport; Departments, branches, and
People's Committees of districts actively implement the work
of ensuring security and order, traffic safety, rescue, anti-
stalking and solicitation of customers, especially during
festivals, events and peak tourist occasions, welcoming
international cruise ships. Beach rescue work receives special
attention through many measures; The Management Board of
Son Tra Peninsula and tourist beaches has deployed buoys in
safe bathing areas, installed warning signs in dangerous areas
with offshore currents, warned in bad weather, and installed
Place warning signs in areas where there are no lifeguards on
duty, propagate on the coastal loudspeaker system, website,
and fanpage of the Management Board about rescue duty
times, beach rules... Rescue until 9:30 pm every night at some
central beach areas on the Hoang Sa - Vo Nguyen Giap -
Truong Sa route, actively coordinating with coastal projects
in rescue work, ensuring safety for tourists. customers in
areas before the project. In 2023 (as of November 15, 2023),
55 safe cases have been saved.
- Regarding inspection, examination, and handling of
violations in tourism activities: The Department of Tourism
has established interdisciplinary inspection teams to inspect,
Provide guidance on compliance with legal regulations in
tourism activities. As of November 2023, the Department
Inspectorate has presided over and coordinated with relevant
units to conduct 12 inspections of travel business activities,
hotels, tourist attractions, and tour guides; 32 cases of
violation were detected (13 organizations and 19 individuals;
total fine was more than 748 million VND, deprivation of
international travel license for 02 months, which submitted to
the Chairman of the City People's Committee to fine 5 cases
with a fine of 501 million VND and have their travel licenses
revoked for 02 months. Regarding violations of allowing
tourists to stay abroad illegally, using tour guides with fake
cards, not buying insurance for tourists... In addition, after
two years tourism has been affected Due to the COVID-19
epidemic, tourism service businesses are facing many
difficulties. In 2023, the Tax Department has not issued a
document or request asking the Department of Tourism to
coordinate in preventing this tax loss. It is expected that in
2024, under the impact of the economic recession, businesses
will still face many difficulties; Therefore, at this time, the
city needs to have appropriate measures to nurture revenue
sources and support businesses to maintain and develop
business activities.
- Regarding support and help to ensure safety for tourists: In
the first 11 months of 2023, the Tourist Support Center
provided advice and assistance to 51,175 visitors at the office
and information counters at the airport, an increase of 55%
over the same period in 2022, receiving 5,535 calls, 512
emails, and 1,548 messages from visitors. From January 1,
2023 to November 20, 2023, the Tourism Rapid Response
Team received nearly 100 calls from organizations, citizens
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and tourists (however, there were only 10 cases related to
security and order in the tourism sector) and has coordinated
with relevant agencies to provide support and timely
handling.
- About waste: Regularly inspect and sanction administrative
violations for littering at tourist beaches and tourist areas.
During each tourist season, the Urban Environment Company
is on duty from morning to evening to collect waste from
beachgoers... In 2018, Da Nang city has a policy of allowing
the installation of automatic waste screening machines at the
discharge gate. My An (My Khe beach) aims to protect Da
Nang beach from the risk of pollution caused by waste
flowing from the outlet to My Khe beach, especially on rainy
days. The automatic trash combing machine will collect
waste in the sewer system with a size of 3 cm or more such
as: plastic bags, lunch boxes, bottles, plastic materials, animal
carcasses, grease, leaves...in the sewer so that it does not
overflow into the sea. In addition, the city has installed from
30 to 50 trash cans at 5 beaches for residents and tourists to
put their trash in. Urban Environment Company also
introduced a modern sand floor machine to clean the beach.
Da Nang has also built many public toilets on the beaches and
hundreds of food and beverage businesses on the beaches
committed to civilized, polite and friendly business at sea.
Ensuring environmental quality in tourism development on
Son Tra peninsula is a prerequisite goal set by the authorities
of Da Nang city and Son Tra district. In 2022, Da Nang city
has just issued a plan to plant trees to create a unique feature
on Son Tra island with a budget of 8 billion VND. The
program is implemented according to the roadmap from 2022
to 2025, in which the total length of routes that will be planted
with trees is 13,146km. Da Nang City and organizations have
organized hundreds of waste collection campaigns on Son Tra
peninsula. Among those campaigns is the program "Clean up
Son Tra 2022 - For a Green Son Tra" - a program that attracts
hundreds of volunteers to participate each month. Recently,
the Vietnam Women Business Association donated and
placed 130 trash bins at tourist destinations and roads of Son
Tra peninsula. The beach order and rescue force of the Son
Tra Peninsula Management Board and Da Nang city tourist
beaches also take care of "collecting" litter that is littered; At
the same time, coordinate clubs, teams, and groups to
periodically launch many programs such as "Da Nang Beach
says no to plastic waste", "Wake up with the blue sea". To
date, more than 700 volunteers participate in regularly
cleaning up beach trash. Within the framework of the 2023
Danang Summer Enjoy Festival (Enjoy Da Nang), the "Blue
Ocean" Marine Environmental Protection Festival took place
at Xuan Thieu beach, attracting many forces, associations and
groups to participate in the campaign. beach cleaning,
exhibition of self-drawn paintings, waste recycling model
according to installation art, extracurricular activities,
workshops (seminars/discussions) to learn about how to
protect the environment. This is an activity to raise people's
awareness in saying no to plastic waste, protecting the
environment and ecosystem at Da Nang tourist beaches;
connect, meet and exchange experiences on practical models,
initiatives and actions to effectively solve environmental
protection work.
- About climate: Da Nang City Department of Tourism
coordinates with relevant and local industries and businesses
propagate the impact of climate change so that those
operating in the tourism sector have proactive response plans
for the future to minimize damage. Regularly check and
update the impact of climate change on historical, cultural
and scenic relics throughout the city, especially on nature
reserves and relics and landscapes. landscapes... such as Ba
Na, Son Tra peninsula, Linh Ung pagoda, Museum of Cham
Sculpture..., propose appropriate measures to repair and
embellish. Actively propagate and mobilize people to raise
awareness of environmental protection. Training for 45
agencies and units on energy saving, propaganda for 1,000
households and small businesses about energy saving
solutions. Plant more trees, protect forests and develop eco-
tourism with the purpose of preserving the environment and
improving the breath of the city. Propaganda to build an
environmentally friendly lifestyle, save energy, reduce
greenhouse gas emissions, use products of natural origin in
the system of restaurants, hotels, accommodation
establishments, tourist areas, cruise ship system throughout
the city.
3.2. Risk management at tourist destination Ba Na tourist
area, Da Nang city
3.2.1. Introducing Ba Na tourist area
Belonging to the Sun World entertainment brand system,
more than 20 km from Da Nang city center, Ba Na tourist area
is a top-class resort and entertainment complex in Vietnam.
Located at an altitude of 1,487m above sea level, Ba Na
tourist area is famous as a "fairyland", possessing a wonderful
climate and amazing natural landscape. Come to Ba Na
Tourist Area to experience the 4-season climate in one day
with many diverse festival, entertainment, and culinary
activities. For four consecutive years, Ba Na tourist area has
been honored with the title of Vietnam's Leading Tourist
Area, awarded by the Vietnam National Administration of
Tourism. Through many years of operation and continuous
development, Ba Na Tourist Area has become a familiar
destination for domestic and foreign tourists coming to Da
Nang city. Ba Na tourist area has a cable car system with
many world records with 6 cable car lines, including many
lines with world records and international awards with a total
capacity of nearly 10,000 passengers/hour, operated by the
company. Doppermayer manufactures: Suoi Mo - Ba Na
Line, Debay - Morin Line, Toc Tien Waterfall Line -
L'Indochine, Hoi An - Marseille Line, Bordeaux - Louvre
Line and Champa - Taiga Line.
Coming to Ba Na tourist area, tourists have the opportunity
to visit and experience unique works and destinations. One of
the works most loved by tourists when coming to Ba Na
Tourist Area is the French Village, which recreates an ancient
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and romantic France with unique classical architectural works
such as squares and churches, towns, ancient villages, and
hotels. In addition, Golden Bridge - a project officially
launched in June 2018 in Ba Na - was honored by TIME
magazine in the "Top 10 most wonderful destinations in the
world in 2018" and The Guardian site recognized as "The
Tree of Life". The most impressive pedestrian bridge in the
world". Ba Na tourist area owns an extremely vibrant and
attractive indoor play complex. Fantasy Park is the largest
indoor amusement park in Vietnam with many entertaining
and active games for the whole family. Dinosaur Park is a
destination not to be missed for young fans of the movie
series "Jurassic Park". In addition, the complex also owns the
first wax statue display area in Vietnam with wax statues
simulating many famous figures in the world. With a system
of more than 30 restaurants, Ba Na tourist area serves a
variety of Asian and European cuisine. Guests can choose
from many forms of cuisine, buffet or a la carte.
Fauna: 256 vertebrate species (61 mammals, 178 birds and 17
reptiles). Characteristics of the Southern Truong Son fauna
with species of golden deer, chevrotain, bat weasel, golden
wolf, star pheasant, purple dragon pheasant, long-tailed
monkey, string python... Characteristic of the Northern
Truong Son fauna are yellow-fronted chickens, white blue
pheasants, red-cheeked gibbons, Asian black bears...
Especially in Ba Na, there are 44 rare animal species recorded
in Vietnam's red book, including 23 species of mammals, 12
species of birds and 9 species of reptiles. Typical examples
are tigers, leopards, deer, roe deer, flying squirrels, red-
shanked doucs, red-cheeked gibbons, wolves, sun bears...
Even more abundant in the fauna in Ba Na are the butterflies
and insects that mainly grow in April. Coming to Ba Na in the
summer, visitors will admire the unique forest music of the
summer calls of cicadas, the songs of birds, and the distant
howls of gibbons.
With only a relatively small area (17641 hectares), according
to statistics, Ba Na primeval forest has up to 543 plant species
including 4 branches of higher plants: pine, fern and
magnolia. The flora here is rich in the number of
economically valuable species, but poor in reserves and
number of individuals. Up to now, 74 species have been
counted as medicinal and medicinal herbs, 41 species can be
eaten or used as food for humans, 15 species are ornamental,
134 species are used for wood, 5 species are used as animal
feed, 6 species are used as materials. construction, 5 species
as raw materials for fiber paper, 3 species for essential oils, 3
species for dyeing. In addition to the diversity of families,
genera and large number of individuals, Ba Na primeval
forest also has many rare species listed in Vietnam's red book
such as agarwood, mahogany, golden tree, yellow
sandalwood... Plant species Wood stems have many colors
belonging to the angiosperm branch such as three-lobed
maple, bamboo, almond-leaf oak, cottonwood, rosewood...
Ba Na's flora and fauna is not only rich and highly diverse but
also diverse. characteristic and unique, extremely important
for conservation and development.
In 1986, Ba Na was recognized by the Government of the
Socialist Republic of Vietnam as a natural reserve, an object
of protection and a tropical forest containing many rare
species of animals and plants that need to be protected.
Agarwood, mahogany, honeycomb, pheasant, Asiatic black
bear, red-cheeked gibbon... Ba Na has many primeval forests
distributed along quite rugged slopes.
Figure 1. Ba Na tourist area
3.2.2. Risk management at tourist destination Ba Na
tourist area
- Regarding the tourism environment: Ba Na tourist area is a
tourist area with fresh air, not polluted because the tourist area
is less populated, the impact due to people's traffic activities
is trivial. Besides, the tourist area is not affected by industrial
and handicraft production establishments. The tourist area
has Suoi Mo flowing through, as well as surface water
sources (lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, fountains...) that have
not been polluted. Garbage is collected according to
regulations and is not thrown carelessly along internal roads,
at tourist attractions and at surface water sources (lakes,
ponds, rivers, streams, fountains). Equipment in tourist
attractions such as lights, signs, monuments, miniatures... are
cleaned and sanitized. Areas selling products, souvenirs, and
culinary dishes in Ba Na tourist area ensure general
environmental hygiene throughout the tourist area.
Construction areas are carefully covered, ensuring safety for
tourists and staff in the resort. In short, the air environment,
noise and surface water resources of Ba Na tourist area are
still within allowed standards.
- Regarding waste treatment: Maintaining a green - clean -
beautiful environment has long been an inevitable trend in the
world, and has gradually become a general trend that tourist
areas aim for. In particular, in order to preserve the intact
beauty of the precious primeval forest at the top of Ba Na
mountain, from October 1, 2018, Ba Na tourist area has
applied the regulation "No food allowed", drinks to Ba Na".
This is also a good sign for tourism in Da Nang city, creating
a good impression on tourists, especially international
visitors. Previously, every year Ba Na tourist area opened to
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welcome millions of visitors. Guests may be allowed to bring
food and drinks for consumption as long as they ensure
cleanliness and general hygiene. However, according to the
assessment, the amount of waste is increasing and the waste
treatment measures are not bringing maximum efficiency.
Therefore, after applying this regulation, Ba Na Tourist Area
has significantly reduced the amount of waste from tourists'
eating and drinking.
Ba Na tourist area has plans to ensure environmental hygiene
in the tourist area, has a retail waste collection system and on
average, every 20 - 30m there is at least 01 trash can with lid
along the internal road to Visitors can easily put trash in the
designated place. Garbage is gathered in an area so that
vehicles can transport the waste to the local waste treatment
facility with a frequency of once a day. In particular, the staff
of the tourist area do not hesitate to bend down to pick up a
piece of paper or cigarette butt on the walkway, even though
they are not "janitors".
- Regarding solid waste management: Ba Na tourist area solid
waste mainly arises from sources: such as tourism service
areas, from works under construction (from construction
workers, machinery and equipment) and from other sources.
All solid waste is brought to centralized points and is
collected by the city's environmental sanitation management
units and transported to Khanh Son Solid Waste Treatment
Complex (Da Nang city) for processing.
Figure 2. Waste collection area in Ba Na tourist area
- Regarding the organization of security forces and order to
ensure safety for tourists: Ba Na tourist area is considered one
of the tourist areas considered to have a very good level of
security and order. Here, there are departments to ensure
security and order, specialized teams, patrols, and supervision
arranged on duty in functional areas and throughout the entire
tourist area. With specific tasks: Security and order forces of
the tourist area at the tourist reception gates: Regulate and
direct the flow of vehicles, ensure the gates are always clear,
avoiding congestion and accidents; Implement customer
service rules, always be friendly and proactively welcome
guests to the tourist area; Control the flow of people in and
out of the tourist area; Guide visitors to work contacts to
ensure working with the right department and subject;
Control assets of the tourist area through the gate according
to regulations, ensuring no loss; Recommend that tourists
comply with the rules and regulations of the tourist area;
Coordinate locations to regulate vehicles to parking lots
according to regulations; Support the service and reception
departments in welcoming guests, especially on weekends,
holidays, and Tet holidays; Regularly check and always
ensure safety for tourists at cable car locations, amusement
parks... to ensure safety and timely rescue.
The security and order force of the tourist area patrols and
arranges the parking lot: Maintains security and order in the
entire parking lot area; Patrol the entire parking area in the
parking lot; Regulating traffic, ensuring convenient
circulation of vehicles; Instructions, directions, and
notification to drivers about locations and available parking
areas; Arrange vehicles in a straight line, ensuring the
aesthetics of the parking lot; Use senses to observe, identify,
and detect incidents and risks in the parking lot; Take
immediate and appropriate measures to ensure maximum
safety for vehicles parked in the parking lot; Timely detect
suspicious subjects, loitering in the parking lot, committing
acts of theft, destroying vehicles, equipment, and assets in the
parking lot; Recommend that tourists comply with the rules
and regulations of the tourist area; Coordinate control
positions to ensure safety for the entire tourist area.
The security and order forces of the tourist area in other
functional areas: Protect the safety of people and property;
Maintain security and order and handle all incidents related
to activities in the assigned area. Tourists are advised to
comply with the rules and regulations of the tourist area.
The security and order force of the tourist area at the location
patrols and controls the tourist area: Carry out inspection and
inventory of assets and outdoor and wall-mounted equipment
on the patrol route, ensuring usage status, avoid loss and
sabotage; Check technical systems, lighting systems, and fire
protection systems on patrol routes. Timely detect unusual
problems to promptly resolve them; Preventing people from
causing trouble, vandalism, and stealing property of the
tourist area and visitors; Support tourists when necessary,
give dedicated instructions, always maintain a good service
attitude towards tourists; Recommend that tourists comply
with the rules and regulations of the tourist area on
environmental protection, landscape, and ornamental
creatures; Coordinate with other locations to ensure safety for
tourists, hotels, restaurants, functional areas and the entire
tourist area.
- Plan to ensure security and safety for tourists: In recent
years, the Ba Na Tourist Area Management Board has
connected with functional departments and agencies such as
Hoa Ninh Commune Police, Hoa Vang District Police and Da
Nang City Police to coordinate in ensuring security, safety
and promptly handling incidents related to the tourist area.
The parties have developed and signed minutes on
coordination regulations and implemented plans to ensure
security and safety for national, international and important
events at Ba Na tourist area. The Management Board of Ba
Na Tourist Area always proactively notifies the Police of
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cases showing signs of violating the law; Foreigners
suspected of being related to security and order are working
or laboring in tourist areas to coordinate inspection and
handling in accordance with the provisions of law. The early
exchange of information will promptly prevent and quickly
and effectively handle complex situations and problems. It is
the coordination of good implementation of regulations from
providing information to coordinating handling of suspected
cases that has helped ensure safety and security for the tourist
area and tourists. Thereby contributing to creating a tourism
brand for Ba Na in particular and for Da Nang city in general,
contributing to the sustainable development of Ba Na tourist
area.
Ba Na tourist area also set up 24/7 hotlines to support tourists
in many areas of the resort's activities such as ticket
purchasing, room booking, medical care and other incidents.
In addition, Ba Na tourist area has also developed plans to
ensure security and safety for tourists in normal conditions
with simple and common incidents; Develop a rescue plan in
case of natural disasters, fires, or explosive materials in
tourist areas with many participants, from there create an
effective evacuation and handling plan. The tourist area also
coordinated with the Fire Prevention and Rescue Police
Department of Da Nang city Police to organize a practice of
coordinated fire fighting plans at Ba Na tourist area. Through
the drill, the units learned from experience and adjusted their
plans to suit the actual situation at the tourist area. The
construction and organization of the fire fighting plan were
agreed upon by Ba Na Tourist Area and the Fire Prevention
and Rescue Police Department of Da Nang city Police in time
for the peak tourist season. Through the organization of
internships, we aim to deeply propagate and raise awareness,
responsibility, importance, and initiative in fire prevention
and fighting, contributing to ensuring the safety of life and
property of the tourist area and tourists. At the same time, it
is also a basis to evaluate the ability of grassroots forces to
organize fire prevention and escape, the smooth coordination
between relevant units as well as check the operating status
of vehicles, tools for firefighting.
Ba Na tourist area
1. Address: An Son village, Hoa Ninh commune, Vang
district, Da Nang city
2. Ba Na Tourist Area Sales Office, address: 21st Floor,
Vietinbank Building, 36 Tran Quoc Toan, Hai Chau
district, Da Nang city. Hotline: 02363 749 888
3. Hotline: Customer care: 02363 749 881/883/885/886;
0905766 777.
4. Hotline for booking and contract: 18001000
5. Hotel reservation hotline: 02363.799.888
6. Medical Hotline: 0962.168.069
7 Website: banahills.sunworld.vn
8. Facebook: facebook.com/SunWorldBaNaHills
9. Email: banahills@sunworld.vn
Figure 3. Safety instructions of Ba Na tourist area
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- Regarding technical facilities to ensure security and safety
for tourists: In Ba Na tourist area, there are security duty
points at each functional subdivision and in the tourist area
for the purpose of ensuring Security and safety for tourists,
preventing and promptly handling problems occurring in
tourist areas. Security forces are equipped with uniforms and
equipment such as gloves, binoculars, whistles, batons,
flashlights, boots, hats, speakers, walkie-talkies... to serve the
task of ensuring security and safety for guests. tourism during
sightseeing and relaxation at the tourist area in Ba Na. There
is a modern camera system, wide angle, high resolution to
monitor security at main attractions and functional areas.
Indoor entertainment venues, hotels, restaurants... are
equipped with automatic fire alarm systems. The system of
faucets and water tanks is conveniently and fully arranged to
serve firefighting in functional areas and the entire tourist
area. In addition, the resort also installed a loudspeaker
system to notify incidents and emergencies to staff and
tourists. In some tourist areas, there is a fence system to
isolate dangerous areas to ensure the safety of tourists. There
are specialized vehicles for patrolling, controlling security
and order in the tourist area and other rescue equipment when
incidents occur in the tourist area.
- Regarding the water supply and drainage system: Ba Na
tourist area has a clean water system to ensure the clean water
needs of tourists; There is a clean water filtration system
according to international standards (can be drunk
immediately without boiling) to serve the needs of tourists;
There is water and a system of pipes and faucets to serve
firefighting when an incident occurs; There is a drainage
system to ensure environmental hygiene; There is a
wastewater treatment system to ensure environmental safety
and a wastewater treatment process to reuse for needs such as
watering plants, cleaning... specifically:
(1) Water supply system for Ba Na tourist area: Ba Na tourist
area has a clean water system to ensure clean water needs for
tourists. In particular, there is a standard RO water filtration
system to serve the needs of tourists with a capacity of 100-
5000 liters/hour. The RO water filtration system uses reverse
osmosis technology with a filter pore size of 0.0001 microns
capable of filtering according to water molecule size, helping
to separate pure water from pollutants and toxic impurities.
Therefore, water through the RO water purifier can be drunk
directly without boiling. Ba Na tourist area is supplied with
water at the foot of the mountain and the top of Ba Na
mountain:
* At the foot of Ba Na mountain:
Water source: provided by Da Nang city water supply
network (Khe Lanh water supply station, design capacity
2,000m
3
/day and night) and spring water (internal water
supply stations).
Water supply station: Water treatment station with design
capacity of 250m
3
/day and night.
Water supply network: divided into 02 areas: Water from the
water treatment station supplies 250m
3
/day to the service -
tourism area, and is temporarily supplied to the 500m
3
water
tank of the Sunhome block (mixed land group of houses).
housing and services) using D160 HDPE pipes. Line D225
HDPE from the local water supply connection point (from
Khe Lanh Water Supply Station), through the booster pump
station (located at the 940m
3
wastewater treatment station) to
the 500m
3
water tank of the Sunhome block (mixed land for
housing and services).
* Mountain top area:
Water source: spring water (internal water supply stations).
Water supply station: Gia Long water treatment station
(capacity 800m
3
/day and night) and Mieu Ba water treatment
station (capacity 2000m
3
/day and night).
Water supply network: Pipelines with diameters up to D160
HDPE supply to projects. However, the water source for the
Water Supply Stations comes from streams, so it is seasonally
unstable and not enough to meet the exploitation capacity of
the Water Supply Stations.
(2) Rainwater drainage system of Ba Na tourist area: Ba Na
tourist area has Mo Stream flowing through the Tuy Loan
River downstream, with an irrigation reservoir serving to
regulate and supply water for living and production. Inside
the area there are surface water drainage systems to serve the
activities of the tourist area. The rainwater drainage system of
Ba Na tourist area includes 02 locations: the foot of the
mountain and the top of Ba Na mountain.
* Location at the foot of Ba Na mountain: there is Suoi Mo
running through the center. Rainwater from the upper basins
and mountainside areas flows to the Suoi Mo water gathering
points, then flows to the Tuy Loan River downstream. The
stream bed slope is large upstream and gradually lower
downstream. The average slope is about 19.5% - 1.9%. The
tourist area has a surface water drainage system, which is
collected and discharged into creeks, lakes and Suoi Mo.
* Location of Ba Na mountain peak: This area is located at a
high altitude. Surface water is collected from structures and
then discharged into hillside areas.
Tuong Nguyen Thanh, Environmental risk management at Ba Na tourism destination and Da Nang City, Vietnam
92 Avaliable at: www.ijssers.org
Figure 4. Ditch and drainage system at the top and
foot of Ba Na tourist area
(3) Wastewater drainage and wastewater treatment system of
Ba Na tourist area:
* Ba Na foothill area: Currently, wastewater is generated from
service - tourism projects. Wastewater from construction
works is led by separate collection systems to centralized
wastewater treatment stations for treatment. In the area, there
are 02 wastewater treatment stations with treatment capacity
of 940 m3/day and 141 m3/day and night respectively, the
current treatment capacity is about 50%.
* Ba Na mountain top area: Currently, there is wastewater
generated from service - commercial and tourism projects.
Wastewater from construction works is led by separate
collection systems to centralized wastewater treatment
stations for treatment. In the area, there are 02 wastewater
treatment stations with treatment capacity of 1,200 m3/day
and 2,700 m3/day and night respectively, the current
treatment capacity is about 50%.
Figure 5. Wastewater treatment station of Ba Na tourist
area
3.3. Achievements and limitations in risk management at
the tourist destination of Da Nang city
Risk is unavoidable for a tourist destination. With the goal of
minimizing damage as well as preventing possible risks,
agencies and parties involved in the management of Ba Na
tourist area and tourist destination of Da Nang city have
proposed Measures and implementation of specific actions to
bring maximum productivity to tourism activities here. The
implementation of environmental risk management at tourist
destinations has brought many positive results, However,
besides the achieved effectiveness, environmental risk
management still has certain limitations.
3.3.1. The achievements
Da Nang city regularly evaluates developments and evaluates
the implementation of prevention and response to
environmental incidents at tourist destinations, thereby
detecting new situations and loopholes. In risk response
implementation plans, new plans have been developed and
existing plans have been promptly adjusted to be more
effective.
The assessment of risk management has been shown through
a number of research articles related to the environment,
environmental risks affecting the tourism industry, the current
status of environmental risk management at Da Nang tourist
destination by experts in the field of tourism and the
environment has been implemented. Through this, we have
partly assessed the current situation of environmental risk
management at the tourist destination of Da Nang recently,
and at the same time, research articles have also proposed
solutions and recommendations to limit risks and effective
risk response to the city, the Department of Tourism and the
Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Da
Nang city.
In addition, activities related to the environment in Da Nang
city each year will be evaluated at the end of the year through
reports on the results of state management of natural
resources and environment to serve the Association.
Summary of the work of the Natural Resources and
Environment sector. The reports have shown the achieved
results as well as limitations related to the environmental field
and environmental risk management; From there,
adjustments are made to operate better in the following years.
Thanks to good implementation of environmental risk
management, promptly setting out specific and clear
measures and plans in preventing and overcoming risks;
Regularly monitor activities related to the environment. In
recent years, Da Nang city has become known as a civilized,
modern, friendly city, an attractive tourist destination, with a
clean and green environment. It can be said that up to now,
Da Nang city is one of the cities with few environmental risks
compared to other localities in the country.
Training, raising awareness, responsibility for environmental
protection as well as training on incidents that may occur for
accommodation establishments, restaurants, and tour guides
and stakeholders have been organized and implemented
effectively. Over time, the coordinated program on
environmental protection has been implemented, with the
positivity of relevant parties, the community, and the
synchronous implementation of the Front system. and the
Natural Resources and Environment sector at all levels.
Awareness, responsibility and behavioral habits for the
Tuong Nguyen Thanh, Environmental risk management at Ba Na tourism destination and Da Nang City, Vietnam
93 Avaliable at: www.ijssers.org
environment and living in harmony with the natural
environment are increasingly enhanced.
Risk prevention is implemented regularly and brings many
results. Thanks to monitoring, propaganda, advocacy,
guidance, reminders, ... officers, employees, people, and
tourists strictly follow documents and instructions to warn of
possible risks. Environmental risks in the tourist destination
of Da Nang city are relatively few, and when problems occur,
the locality can quickly fix them. After the incidents occurred,
Da Nang city quickly launched timely assessments and
meetings to review risk management and thereby promptly
draw lessons for the city. Experience in environmental risk
management. Thanks to that, Da Nang city is considered a
livable city and attractive to domestic and foreign tourists in
both beauty and safety.
3.3.2. Limitations
Plans related to environmental risk management of the
tourism industry are mainly included in the general
environmental action program of Da Nang city, a separate
project has not yet been developed to help the tourism
industry respond to environmental risks.
Plans related to the implementation and preparation of risk
responses have been proposed and implemented. However,
there has not been effective coordination and implementation
between departments, including the tourism and environment
sectors. The proposed measures and plans are still individual,
such as the environmental industry, which focuses on
environmental risk management, and the tourism industry,
which focuses on managing risks at the destination. There is
no close connection and synchronous coordination between
the tourism industry and the environment.
Environmental management at tourist destinations still has
many problems and difficulties, because environmental
management resources are lacking: environmental
information and data, fragmented environmental
management; Environmental monitoring tools to predict and
prevent pollution are not adequate, most of the monitoring
equipment is manual and passive; The budget is still limited.
Therefore, predicting or preventing environmental risks that
may occur at tourist destinations is still inadequate.
Training to raise environmental awareness and limit
environmental risks for hotels, accommodation
establishments, entertainment areas... and related parties has
been implemented. declare. However, some programs are still
reactive, formal, and not really effective. Professional
knowledge about the environment and environmental risk
management of the human resources team managing Da
Nang tourist destinations is still limited.
3.3.3. Some proposals to improve environmental risk
management at the tourist destination of Da Nang city
- Continue to effectively implement the Project "Building Da
Nang - an Environmental City" for the period 2021-2025, the
Project "Conserving biodiversity in Da Nang city" until 2030,
with a vision to 2045, ... Striving by 2025, the city will meet
the set goals, with a roadmap to 2030 in the direction of
ecological urbanism; Creating health and environmental
safety for people, investors, and tourists coming to Da Nang
city. The project also emphasizes preventing and minimizing
pollution and environmental degradation in residential areas,
industrial parks, coastal areas and natural landscape areas;
Ensure environmental quality of water, soil and air according
to standards. Focus on investing in building infrastructure
such as roads, electricity, water, telecommunications,
seaports... conveniently, ensuring modern infrastructure, but
without adversely affecting the landscape and environment.
The management of water pollution and air pollution due to
emissions from vehicles and service activities is always paid
attention to. With the goal of building an environmentally
sustainable city, Da Nang develops service industries
(banking, insurance, healthcare...); Providing public services
such as environmental sanitation, street decoration, food
hygiene and safety, management, price listing, etc. to serve
maximum tourist needs such as planting many trees on the
roads. streets, park systems, flower gardens... at the same
time, build cultural institutions in residential areas in districts
for people to understand and implement. Strengthen
management of tourism activities, improve state management
capacity on tourism for departments and localities. In
addition, continue to improve legal regulations in tourism
activities, ensure a tourism environment, and build a tourism
city brand with a system of high quality standards.
- Ensuring security and environment for safe tourist
destinations: Continue to promote the effectiveness of the
Tourism Rapid Response Team and Tourist Support Center;
Effective reception of citizens, resolution of complaints and
denunciations in the field of tourism. Implement the
Environmental Protection Plan in the tourism sector for the
period 2021-2025 and the Action Plan to respond to climate
change in the tourism sector in Da Nang city for the period
2021 - 2030; Departments and districts ensure to continue to
maintain a safe tourism environment, ensure security and
order, prevent stalking and solicitation of guests, ensure
environmental hygiene, food hygiene and safety, especially
are night economic development areas. Security protection is
associated with the fight against crime at tourist destinations;
Maintain and ensure security and order in public places in
general and tourist destinations in particular; Ensuring social
safety and eliminating social evils that affect the community;
Strengthen inspection and supervision of maintaining order
and security at tourist attractions; Prevent and combat social
evils. Strictly handle actions that cause trouble and endanger
the safety of tourists' people and property. Focus on treating
sewers discharging waste into the sea; Complete separate
wastewater and stormwater collection projects. Encourage
tourism service businesses to limit the use of plastic waste,
use clean, renewable energy, recycled and reused products,
and apply clean technology. Continue to deploy the public
restroom model, "Comfor at Home - Comfortable like at
home". Support to improve the quality of operations of
tourism service establishments, ensure professionalism,
Tuong Nguyen Thanh, Environmental risk management at Ba Na tourism destination and Da Nang City, Vietnam
94 Avaliable at: www.ijssers.org
prestige, and build tourism culture; Business ethics, ensuring
the legal rights of tourists. Continue to propagate and raise
awareness of authorities and social communities at all levels
about tourism development, protecting the tourism
environment, building and preserving the Da Nang tourism
brand. Deploy content on tobacco harm prevention and
control at tourist accommodation establishments and
restaurants in the city.
- Preventing epidemics: Preventing and preventing epidemics
is an extremely necessary task to ensure the safety and
security of tourist destinations at the destination. There needs
to be a plan to handle emerging situations, prevent and
prevent the spread of diseases to tourists and the community.
For tourists visiting a destination, it is necessary to localize
the epidemic area to ensure safety for tourists. Local people
need to raise awareness and be vigilant about the epidemic
situation. Therefore, two different groups, tourists and local
people, need to have different plans and measures in disease
prevention. Propagate and encourage tourists and residents to
take preventive measures to protect themselves. Preventing
and stopping epidemics before they break out is the best way
to ensure safety at that destination. It is necessary to plan for
prevention and prepare for the worst situations to occur.
Timely measures and strategies to prevent the disease from
spreading quickly. Local residents as well as tourists need to
respect and follow the rules at that destination to ensure
safety.
- Natural disaster prevention: Natural disaster prevention is
an important job in the issue of safety and security
management at the destination. There are always natural
disaster announcements and warnings, disaster prevention
plans, and protection for tourists and local people. To prevent
natural disasters, organizations and individuals that manage,
operate and use tourist attractions and tourist areas within the
scope of management are responsible for: Implementing
regulations and technical regulations related to the content
ensure requirements for natural disaster prevention and
control in the management, operation and use of works issued
by competent authorities; Closely monitor weather
developments to provide necessary guidance and timely
natural disaster warnings to ensure safety measures for
workers as well as tourists visiting, and proactively
implement stop serving tourists during times of heavy rain,
storms, and floods; Inspect and review the current status of
all facilities, take measures to reinforce, brace, proactively
arrange human resources, vehicles, prepare necessary
equipment and supplies to ensure absolute safety. for tourists;
For tourist attractions and resorts in low-lying areas, islands,
and riverbanks, plans for evacuation and relocation must be
prepared to ensure safety for tourists and property before any
emergency occurs. unusual strong winds and rising water
levels; Check and trim trees on campus to ensure safety for
visitors during the stormy season.
- Fire and explosion prevention: Controlling, preventing and
limiting the risk of fire and explosion is an extremely
necessary job in fire prevention to ensure safety at the
destination. Local authorities coordinate with fire prevention
agencies at destinations to strengthen inspection, control, and
guide establishments to strictly comply with regulations to
ensure fire prevention, especially spiritual destinations where
incense is burned, candles, and votive offerings need to be
careful as they can easily cause a fire. Always take
precautionary and fire-fighting measures immediately when
necessary to avoid serious incidents from occurring.
Accommodation establishments and hotels need to strengthen
measures to prevent fires from occurring. Invest in equipment
and facilities for fire prevention and fighting. Train
employees on fire prevention steps and handle unexpected
situations.
- Traffic safety: There are measures to raise awareness of
traffic participants to avoid congestion, limit traffic accidents,
and ensure smooth transportation. At tourist destinations, it is
necessary to free up infrastructure, traffic circulation, and
coordinate with traffic police agencies to coordinate and
avoid congestion at tourist destinations, especially during
peak times. In addition, traffic inspectors regularly patrol and
review cases of carrying more than the allowed number of
tourists, complying with regulations related to tourist safety,
fast driving, reckless overtaking... To ensure control of
security, order and traffic safety at tourist destinations, in
addition to patrolling and road control, surveillance cameras
are also equipped to capture the situation, respond promptly
in all situations. In particular, strengthen the application of
sanctions for violations of the Traffic Law.
- Environmental safety: The more tourism develops, the more
attention is paid to environmental issues, especially
environmental quality and its security and safety. Tourist
demands are increasingly high and increasingly concerned
about safety and health conditions, with the tendency for
tourists to only choose destinations and tourism service
establishments that care about environmental protection.
Only places with a green - clean - beautiful environment with
safe products can be competitive in attracting tourists and
from there tourism businesses and local communities can
profit from tourism. Currently, due to the process of
industrialization, increasing population, urbanization and
rampant construction without planning, leading to over-
exploitation and use, depleting resources. increased waste and
emissions, wastewater, and noise pollute and degrade the
environment, affecting the health of the entire community. In
recent years, environmental security has become an urgent
phenomenon of social life. Currently, environmental quality
is changing in a direction that is detrimental to human life in
general and tourism activities in particular. In addition, a
number of conditions exist at the destination such as: Noise
pollution also occurs at tourist destinations such as tour guide
speakers, many amusement parks... affecting people as well
as the landscape. environment. That also invisibly affects
environmental safety at the destination. Pollution in the
landscape at the destination is one of the most painful
Tuong Nguyen Thanh, Environmental risk management at Ba Na tourism destination and Da Nang City, Vietnam
95 Avaliable at: www.ijssers.org
problems at the destination. Many tourist destinations are
currently in a state of architectural collapse due to meeting
tourism needs. Therefore, it is necessary to have timely
measures and regulations to prevent the above problems from
occurring. Implement programs to monitor and monitor the
quality of soil, water and air environments; Investigate,
evaluate, manage and control polluted areas; prevent and
respond to environmental pollution incidents; Organize
forecasts, information and warnings on environmental
pollution. Increase equipment, facilities, and tools for
inspection, technical supervision, monitoring, forecasting,
information, and warnings about the environment.
- Food safety and hygiene: Strictly control food hygiene and
safety during the process of serving tourists, avoid food
poisoning, and ensure health safety for tourists as well as
local people. There are regular food hygiene inspections at
eateries, restaurants, and hotels to ensure safety for tourists
and consumers. Improving the quality of food hygiene and
safety will bring prestige and great profits in production and
business, maintaining trust in the safety and attractiveness of
tourist destinations. Food safety contributes to promoting
Vietnamese culinary culture to tourists and friends around the
world and international integration, while ensuring the safety
of tourists' lives and attracting tourists.
IV. CONCLUSION
Through the current situation of environmental risk
management at Ba Na tourist area and Da Nang city tourist
destination, it can be seen that tourism development will
bring many unpredictable risks. Environmental risk
management at tourist destinations is the systematic
application of measures and processes to help agencies
arrange and arrange resources appropriately to focus on
effective management of specific areas. areas and objects
identified as risks. In order for environmental risk
management to be implemented faster, contributing to
improving the efficiency of tourism destination management
in terms of both control and facilitation of environmental
protection, it is necessary to accelerate the application of
management according to applied directions in all stages of
the management process, minimizing risks, improving the
capacity of staff performing risk management, investing in
necessary facilities for risk management, and strengthening
relationships International coordination and cooperation in
risk management to both develop tourism and ensure
environmental protection is a significant challenge for
managers. Therefore, tourism industry managers need to have
a higher sense of responsibility and more determination to
bring Ba Na tourist area in particular and Da Nang city's
tourist destination in general to develop beyond its reach.
countries in Asia and around the world. Besides, local people
as well as tourists need to strictly comply with safety and be
conscious of protecting the local environment to contribute to
beautifying the image of the tourist destination.
V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research was financially supported by a scientific
research project at the University of Science and Education -
The University of Da Nang, Vietnam. Code: T2023-TN-16.
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