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This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

Revised on March 2024 (Apply/Pay)

FIRE DEPARTMENT ● CITY OF NEW YORK

STUDY MATERIAL FOR THE

CERTIFICATE OF FITNESS EXAMINATION

P-15

HANDLE MOTOR FUEL-GAS STATION

AND FLEET SERVICE STATION

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

All applicants are required to apply and pay for an exam online before

arriving at the FDNY. It can take about 30 minutes to complete.

Simplified instructions for online application and payment can be found here:

http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/fdny/downloads/pdf/business/fdny-business-

cof-individuals-short.pdf

Create an Account and Log in to:

http://fires.fdnycloud.org/CitizenAccess

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

CONTENT

EXAM SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR P-15 CERTIFICATE OF

FITNESS .................................................................................. I

FIRE STATISTICS AND FACTS ................................................. 1

PART 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................... 2

1.1 Permit ............................................................................................... 2

1.2 Certificate of Fitness ........................................................................ 2

PART 2. MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES ...................... 3

2.1 Motor Fuel Service Station .............................................................. 3

2.1.1 Automotive Service Station ...................................................................... 3

2.1.2 Marine Service Station ............................................................................ 3

2.1.3 Service Stations Located Inside Buildings ................................................ 3

2.2 Tanks and Tank Trucks .................................................................... 4

2.2.1 Transfer of motor fuel from tank truck to storage tank ............................ 5

2.3 Dispensing Motor Fuel ...................................................................... 5

2.3.1 Approved portable containers .................................................................. 7

PART 3. SUPERVISION, RECORDS AND REPORT ..................... 8

3.1 Self-Service Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facilities ................................. 8

3.2 Fleet Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facilities .......................................... 10

3.3 Inventory Control for Underground Tanks .................................... 10

Example of the maintenance log book ................................................................ 12

3.4 Inspections and Tests Records....................................................... 13

3.5 Reporting of Spills and Discharges ................................................ 13

PART 4. SAFETY REGULATIONS AND FIRE CONTROL ........... 14

4.1 Labeling and Signage ...................................................................... 14

4.1.1 Color coding and symbols of fill ports .................................................... 14

4.1.2 Warning signs ....................................................................................... 15

4.1.3 No-Smoking sign ................................................................................... 17

4.2 Control of Ignition, Brush and Debris ............................................ 17

4.3 Emergency Procedure ..................................................................... 18

4.4 Fire Extinguishers .......................................................................... 20

4.4.1 Different types of fire extinguishers ....................................................... 21

4.4.2 Fire extinguisher inspections ................................................................ 22

4.4.3 Portable fire extinguisher tags ............................................................... 23

4.5 Fire Extinguishing System ............................................................. 24

PART 5. LITHIUM-ION BATTERY SAFETY ................................ 26

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

EXAM SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR

P-15 CERTIFICATE OF FITNESS

Save time and submit application online!

All applicants are required to apply and pay for an exam online before

arriving at the FDNY. It can take about 30 minutes to complete.

Simplified instructions for online application and payment can be found here:

http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/fdny/downloads/pdf/business/fdny-business-

cof-individuals-short.pdf

Create an Account and Log in to:

http://fires.fdnycloud.org/CitizenAccess

REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATE OF FITNESS APPLICATION

General requirements:

Review the General Notice of Exam:

http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/fdny/downloads/pdf/business/general-notice-of-exam-cof.pdf

Special requirements for the P-15 Certificate of Fitness: None

Application fee (Cash is NO LONGER ACCEPTED):

Pay the $25 application fee online or in person by one of the following methods:

• Credit card (American Express, Discover, MasterCard, or Visa)

• Debit card (MasterCard or Visa)

• In person: Personal or company check or money order (made payable to

the New York City Fire Department)

A convenience fee of 2% will be applied to all credit card payments.

For fee waivers submit: (Only government employees who will use their COF

for their work- related responsibilities are eligible for fee waivers.)

• A letter requesting fee waiver on the Agency’s official letterhead stating

applicant full name, exam type and address of premises; AND

• Copy of identification card issued by the agency

REQUIREMENTS FOR ALTERNATIVE ISSUANCE PROCEDURE (AIP)

No AIP available. This certificate of fitness can only be obtained by

passing the computer exam at the FDNY Headquarters.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

EXAM INFORMATION

The P-15 exam will consist of 25 multiple-choice questions, administered on a

“touch screen” computer monitor. It is a time-limit exam. Based on the amount

of the questions, you will have 38 minutes to complete the test. A passing score

of at least 70% is required in order to secure a Certificate of Fitness. Read each

question carefully before marking your answer. There is no penalty for

guessing.

Call (718) 999-1988 for additional information and forms.

Please always check for the latest revised booklet at FDNY website before you

take the exam.

http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/fdny/downloads/pdf/business/cof-p15-study-guide.pdf

EXAM SITE: FDNY Headquarters, 9 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY.

Enter through the Flatbush Avenue entrance (between

Myrtle Avenue and Tech Place).

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

III

RENEWAL REQUIREMENTS

General renewal requirements:

Review the General Notice of Exam:

http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/fdny/downloads/pdf/business/general-notice-of-exam-cof.pdf

Special renewal requirements for P-15 COF: None

The FDNY strongly recommends the P-15 COF holders to renew the COF

on-line. To learn the simplified on-line renewal:

http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/fdny/downloads/pdf/business/cof-simplified-renewal-short.pdf

QUESTIONS?

FDNY Business Support Team: For questions, call 311 and ask for the FDNY

Customer Service Center or send an email to [email protected]

STUDY MATERIAL AND TEST DECRIPTION

This study material contains the information you will need to prepare for the

examination for the Certificate of Fitness for Dispensing Motor Fuel

(Automotive Service Stations). It will not be provided to you during the test.

It is critical that you read and understand this booklet to help increase

your chance of passing this exam. The study material does not contain all of

the information you need to know to supervise automotive service stations. It

is your responsibility to become familiar with all applicable rules and

regulations of the City of New York, even if they are not covered in this study

material. You need to be familiar with the 2022 Fire Code Chapter 23, Chapter

57, and 2008 Fire Rule Chapter 22, 2008 Fire Rule Section §4834-01 and

§4838-01 which regulate the motor fuel storage and dispensing system in order

to adequately prepare for the exam.

Since this Certificate is premise related, Certificate of Fitness must be

registered to a given address. Multiple Certificates may be obtained for different

stations.

2022 FIRE CODE ENACTED

The amended New York City Fire Code, to be known as the 2022 Fire Code,

takes effect on April 15, 2022. It may not have been updated in this study

material and the exam will be mainly based on this booklet, not the 2022

Fire Code. However, as the Certificate of Fitness holder, it is your

responsibility to become familiar with the applicable sections of the new

2022 Fire Code.

Design and installation provisions.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

The design and installation provisions of the 2022 Fire Code shall apply to:

• Facilities established and conditions arising on or after 04/15/2022.

• Facilities and conditions not lawfully existing prior to 04/15/2022.

The facilities and conditions lawfully existing prior to the 04/15/2022 can be

continued in compliance with the requirements of the former Fire Code/Fire

Rule except as otherwise provided in the New Fire Code 102.5.

Operational and maintenance provisions.

The operational and maintenance provisions of the 2022 Fire Code, including

permit and certification requirements, shall apply to all facilities, operations,

conditions, uses and occupancies, regardless of when they were established or

arose.

Whenever this code is amended or a rule is promulgated to require a permit or

certificate for a facility, operation, condition, use or occupancy, and no permit

or certificate was previously required therefor pursuant to this code or the

rules, such facility, operation, condition, use or occupancy may be continued

without such permit or certificate until 04/15/2023, except as may otherwise

be provided by such amendment or rule.

The 2022 Fire Code can be obtained via the following website:

http://www1.nyc.gov/site/fdny/codes/fire-code/fire-code.page

The 2014/2022 New York City Fire Code Cross-Reference Table can be referred

to the following website:

http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/fdny/downloads/pdf/codes/fire-code-cross-reference.pdf

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

SAMPLE EXAM QUESTIONS

The following questions represent the “format” of the exam questions,

not the content of the real exam.

1. Which of the following are allowed to be used while taking a Certificate

of Fitness examination at 9 Metro Tech Center?

I. cellular phone

II. study material booklet

III. reference material provided by the FDNY

IV. mp3 player

A. III only

B. I, II, and III

C. II and IV

D. I only

Only reference material provided by the FDNY is allowed to be used during

Certificate of Fitness examinations. Therefore, the correct answer would be A.

You would touch “A” on the computer terminal screen.

2. If the screen on your computer terminal freezes during your

examination, who should you ask for help?

A. the person next to you

B. the firefighters

C. the examiner in the testing room

D. the computer help desk

If you have a computer related question, you should ask the examiner in the

testing room. Therefore, the correct answer would be C. You would touch “C”

on the computer terminal screen.

3. If you do not know the answer to a question while taking an

examination, who should you ask for help?

A. the person next to you

B. the firefighters

C. the examiner in the testing room

D. you should not ask about test questions since FDNY staff can not assist

applicants

You should not ask about examination questions or answers since FDNY staff

cannot assist applicants with their tests. Therefore, the correct answer would

be D. You would touch "D" on the computer terminal screen.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

FIRE STATISTICS AND FACTS

According to the Fires at U.S. Service Stations report published by the Fire Analysis

and Research Division of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) in April, 2011,

an estimated 5,020 fires and explosions occurred at public service stations per year

from 2004-2008. That means that, on average, one in every 13 service stations

experienced a fire. These fires caused an annual average of two civilian deaths, 48

civilian injuries and $20 million in property damage.

Fires in these occupancies represent a variety of incidents, including structure fires,

vehicle fires, outdoor fires and other fires. The majority of incidents are vehicle fires

(61%), but the majority of the property damage (59%), results from structure fires. In

structure fires, heating equipment was the leading cause, followed by electrical

distribution and lighting equipment. The top three leading items first ignited in

structure fires at service stations are flammable or combustible liquids, gases, and

associated piping or filter (22%); rubbish, trash, or waste (18%) and electrical cable or

insulation (13%).

The leading factors contributing to the ignition of different fires:

Structure Fires:

(1) Electrical failures or malfunctions

(2) Abandoned materials

Vehicle Fires:

(1) Mechanical failures or malfunctions

(2) Electrical failure or malfunction

(3) A flammable liquid or gas being spilled

Outdoor and unclassified fires:

(1) Abandoned or discarded materials or products

(2) electrical failures or malfunctions

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

PART 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Permit

An FDNY Site-specific permit is required in order to operate a motor fuel dispensing

facility. This permit is issued by the Fire Department Bureau of Fire Prevention. It is

illegal to operate a motor fuel dispensing facility without a valid permit. Fines will be

issued to service station’s owner who does not have a valid permit. The site-specific

permit is valid for 12 months only. Every permit renewal shall require an inspection.

FDNY permits are not transferable, and any change in occupancy, operation, tenancy

or ownership requires that a new permit be issued. Appropriate and legal proof of

these changes must be submitted to the FDNY. The Certificate of Fitness holder is

responsible for making sure that all fire safety regulations and procedures are obeyed

on the premises. Permits shall be readily available on the premise for inspection

by Fire Department representatives.

1.2 Certificate of Fitness

At least one P-15 Certificate of Fitness holder must be on the premises while a service

station is open for business. A certificate holder shall be responsible for:

1. The safe storage, handling, use, operation, maintenance, inspection, testing,

repair and/or supervision of the operation or facility for which the certificate is

required, in accordance with this code, the rules, and any other applicable laws,

rules and regulations.

2. Notifying the Fire Department/911 of any explosion, fire, reportable leak or other

release of hazardous material, or other emergency related to the duties of his or

her certificate.

3. Keeping such certificate upon his or her person or otherwise readily available for

inspection by any representative of the department, at all times while conducting

or supervising the material, operation or facility for which the certificate is

required.

P-15 Certificate of Fitness (C of F)

The dispensing of liquid motor fuel at motor fuel dispensing facilities shall be

conducted by or under the supervision of a P-15 C of F holder, who shall be

responsible to ensure that dispensing operations are conducted and the facility is

maintained in accordance with this chapter, as follows:

1. Dispensing operations shall be conducted by or under the personal supervision of

a P-15 C of F holder at self service automotive liquid motor fuel-dispensing

facilities.

2. D

ispensing operations shall be conducted by or under the personal supervision of

a P-15 C of F holder at fleet automotive liquid motor fuel-dispensing facilities.

3. Dispensing operations shall be conducted by or under the personal supervision of

a P-15 C of F holder at full service automotive liquid motor fuel-dispensing

facilities.

All Permits and Certificates of Fitness shall be readily available on the premises

for inspection by Fire Department representatives. No P-15 C of F holder on duty

for supervising the dispensing of liquid motor fuel may cause the issuance of a

summons by the fire department inspector.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

PART 2. MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES

2.1 Motor Fuel Service Station

A service station is a location used to store and dispense motor fuels. There are three

different types of service stations. The different types are automotive, marine, and

stations located inside buildings. Each of these stations is described below.

2.1.1 Automotive Service Station

These stations are designed to safely dispense fuel into motor vehicles. The fuels

dispensed include gasoline and diesel fuel. The motor fuels are usually stored in

underground storage tanks. Fuel tanks of trucks, cars, and motorcycles are filled at

these locations. These service stations may also sell batteries, tires and other vehicle

accessories, however, the viewing of the dispensing area from the control booth must

be unobstructed and the tank area must be clear and free. Vehicle maintenance and

minor repairs may also be performed at these stations.

(A) FLEET AUTOMOTIVE LIQUID MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. An

automotive liquid motor fuel-dispensing facility wherein liquid motor fuel is stored

and/or dispensed into the fuel tank of motor vehicles or motorcycles owned or

operated by or on behalf of the owner of the facility, and where dispensing operations

are conducted by persons employed by or otherwise working for the owner of the

facility.

(B) FULL SERVICE AUTOMOTIVE LIQUID MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. An

automotive liquid motor fuel-dispensing facility wherein liquid motor fuel is dispensed

into the fuel tank of motor vehicles or motorcycles by a certified attendant or, when

under the personal supervision of a certified attendant, by persons employed by or

otherwise working for the owner of the facility.

automotive liquid motor fuel-dispensing facility where liquid motor fuel is dispensed

from a liquid motor fuel storage and dispensing system into the fuel tank of motor

vehicles or motorcycles by customers of the facility.

2.1.2 Marine Service Station

This station is usually located on a pier, a wharf or a floating dock. This station is

designed to safely dispense fuel into self-propelled water craft. All boats, yachts and

other recreational vehicles have their fuel tanks filled at these stations. The fuels

dispensed include gasoline and diesel fuel. The motor fuels may be stored in above

ground or underground storage tanks. Repair and maintenance services may also be

performed at these stations.

2.1.3 Service Stations Located Inside Buildings

These stations are located within a building structure that contains other

occupancies. The station is designed to safely dispense fuels into motor vehicles. The

motor fuels are stored in above ground or underground storage tanks.

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2.2 Tanks and Tank Trucks

Only approved tanks may be used to store motor fuel. Approved tanks are those tanks

that meet the design and safety specifications of the Fire Commissioner's Office. An

accurate log of the contents of the tanks must be recorded. This log must be

completed by the Certificate of Fitness holder. This record should include the amount

of fuel sold each day and the amount of fuel in the tank. The tanks must be inspected

daily. They should be checked for defective equipment and leaks. If any leaks or

defects are discovered, the P-15 C of F holder must notify the licensed maintenance

company immediately. A record of each inspection and all repairs must also be

recorded in the log. Depending on the location and the product, the tank may be

installed above or below ground level. Each single wall steel tank must be precision

tested every 5 years, before a Fire Department representative. A functionality test of

the motor fuel leak detection system must be conducted every two years under the

supervision of a W-16 certificate of license holder. Fire extinguishing systems must be

tested at least once every 5 years.

Individual underground storage tanks shall not exceed a capacity of 12,000 gallons.

The capacity of an aboveground tank shall not exceed 4,000 gallons. The aggregate

capacity at a facility in both aboveground and underground tanks shall not exceed

40,000 gallons.

Tank trucks are used to transfer motor fuel into the storage tanks. The motor fuel

might be transferred by gravity and/or by pump pressure (diesel only) from the tank

truck into the storage tank. The Certificate of Fitness holder should observe the filling

of the storage tanks on the premises. The Certificate of Fitness holder must ensure

the fill boxes are free of products after the delivery is completed. The motor of the tank

truck should be shut off while making the transfer, unless the transfer pump is in

use.

The Certificate of Fitness holder make sure that the vapor return line (vapor recovery

stage I) is securely connected to the storage tank and the tank truck. The vapor

return line prevents the flammable vapors from escaping into the atmosphere. The

motor fuel discharge line must also be checked to make sure that it is securely

connected to the tank truck and the storage tank. If any leaks are noticed the transfer

Chock blocks should be

placed under the wheels of

the truck. The chock blocks

prevent the truck from

moving.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

should be stopped immediately. The defects or the leaks must be repaired before

transferring any more motor fuel into the storage tank. The transfer of motor fuel

from a tank truck to a storage tank is shown below.

It is the Certificate of Fitness holder’s responsibility to ensure that the fill boxes

are clear of product and the covers are properly closed and secured.

2.2.1 Transfer of motor fuel from tank truck to storage tank

A test well or gauge line on the storage tank allows the attendant to determine how

much fuel is in the storage tank. The Certificate of Fitness holder and the driver

making the delivery are both responsible to be sure that the test well connection is

closed while filling the tanks. The test well may not be opened to speed up the filling

of the storage tank. It must remain closed to make sure that no flammable vapors

escape into the atmosphere. The test well may only be used to determine the amount

of motor fuel in the storage tank.

The Certificate of Fitness holder must know the layout of the fuel storage system. The

location of the test well, the fill line, the vent line, and the product line to the

dispensers must be known. The Certificate of Fitness holder should know how to use

the test well and measuring stick to determine the amount of motor fuel in a storage

tank. The measuring stick is used in the same way a dipstick is used to determine the

level of oil in an automobile engine. First, the measuring stick must be wiped clean.

The stick is then inserted into the test well. The measuring stick is then removed and

read. The stick is read by comparing the level of fuel on the stick to the measurement

marks on the stick. This method allows the Certificate of Fitness holder to estimate

the amount of fuel in the tank. The Certificate of Fitness holder must know this

information to make sure that the tank is not overfilled accidentally. An operating

manual containing emergency procedures, and operating procedures (including the

operation of the suppression systems) must be maintained in the control booth. All

tanks servicing the fire suppression system must have gauges, which shall be

positioned so as to be easily read from grade.

2.3 Dispensing Motor Fuel

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

Fuel is dispensed into a customer's vehicle using a fuel pump. These pumps are

usually powered by electricity. All of the pumps are connected to an electrical circuit

breaker. The breaker allows the pumps to be quickly shut off in case of an emergency.

The fuel is pumped through a hose when filling the vehicle. The maximum acceptable

length of the dispensing hose for automotive service stations is 18 feet. Never attempt

to use a longer hose. Instead move the vehicle closer to the dispenser. Marinas may

have longer hoses if they are approved by the Fire Commissioner.

The pump has a dispensing control device installed. The control device is usually a

lever installed next to a nozzle holding bracket. The control device may be turned on

only when the dispensing nozzle is taken out of its holding bracket. It may be shut off

when the dispensing nozzle is placed back into the holding bracket. No attempt

should be made to bypass this control device.

The nozzle must be placed back into holding

bracket after use. The hose and nozzle must

never be left laying on the ground. If the hose

and nozzle are on the ground they are exposed to

physical damage. This damage may result in leaks

and malfunctions of the system. Keeping the

nozzle in the holding bracket reduces the risk of

the hose being damaged. The hose and nozzle

must always be replaced in the holding bracket

when not in use. The length of the dispensing hose

shall be such that at least 1 inch clearance

between the hose and the ground is maintained

when the nozzle is rested on its bracket.

Before pumping motor fuel into a vehicle the nozzle must be grounded. This is done

by touching the nozzle against the steel bumper or chassis of the car. Grounding

eliminates static electricity. Static electricity has the potential to cause a spark when

pumping the motor fuel. A single spark may ignite the gasoline vapors. Grounding

makes sure that a fire or explosion does not occur while dispensing the motor fuel.

The vehicle's motor must always be turned off before fuel is pumped into the vehicle's

tank.

In some service stations a vapor recovery system is installed. This system is designed

to capture the vapors that escape when dispensing motor fuel. These vapors are

potentially dangerous. They may be ignited by sparks or open flames. A shroud is

installed over the nozzle. This shroud draws the vapors into a hose. The hose is

connected to the storage tank. If the vapor recovery system is installed the Certificate

of Fitness holder must make sure that it is working correctly.

When the service station is located inside a building fuel vapors may accumulate. If

the vapors are ignited they may cause an explosion. In order to prevent an explosion

the service station must be well ventilated. The Certificate of Fitness holder must

make sure that the area is well ventilated. The area may be ventilated using an

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exhaust system. The system must always be in good working order. The ventilation

system is designed to automatically operate before the fuel is pumped into the vehicle.

An automatic control device will not allow the pump to function unless the exhaust

system is working. No attempt should be made to bypass this control device. Any

defects in the system must be repaired as soon as they are noticed. No attempt to

pump fuel may be made when the exhaust system is not working.

2.3.1 Approved portable containers

ONLY the P-15 Certificate of Fitness holder is allowed to pump motor fuel into an UL

approved portable container. The containers with an individual capacity must not

greater than 2½ gallons (for Marine use, a 5½ gallons container is allowed). Motor

fuel must never be dispensed into glass or other containers made of unapproved

material and construction. The container must have a tight closure with screwed or

spring-loaded cover so designed that the contents can be dispensed without spilling.

The contents of the container must be clearly marked on the side of the container. A

hose nozzle valve used for dispensing liquid motor fuel into a portable container shall

be in compliance with the requirements and be manually held open during the

dispensing operation.

Permits to transport motor fuel in a portable container larger than 2.5 gallons shall be

required. Such permits shall be issued to a particular vehicle or marine vessel for such

transportation. The P-15 certified attendant shall not dispense liquid motor fuel into a

portable container in quantities requiring a permit unless the P-15 certified attendant

verifies that the customer possesses all such permits.

Liquids shall not be dispensed into portable tanks or cargo tanks. Portable containers

shall not be filled while located inside the trunk, passenger compartment or truck bed

of a vehicle or upon a watercraft. This is to make sure that no motor fuel is

accidentally spilled into the trunk of the vehicle. No motor vehicle, motorcycle or

watercraft shall be fueled from a portable container while inside a building or

structure.

Examples of an approved gasoline container is shown below:

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PART 3. SUPERVISION, RECORDS AND REPORT

The dispensing of liquid motor fuel at an automotive liquid motor fuel-dispensing

facility shall be conducted under the supervision of a P-15 Certificate of Fitness (C of

F) holder. The function of this person while motor fuels are being dispensed shall be to

supervise, observe and control the dispensing of motor fuel into vehicles; provided,

however, that nothing in this section shall be interpreted or construed to prohibit this

attendant from engaging in activities directly related to the sale of motor fuel, such as

the collection of money or processing of credit cards.

Persons dispensing motor fuel at a self-service motor fuel-dispensing facility

shall hold a valid driver’s license or be at least 18 years of age. The P-15 certified

attendant or other facility personnel may require any member of the public to produce

evidence of same.

It shall be unlawful to smoke, use or maintain an open flame in areas where fuel is

dispensed. The engines of vehicles being fueled shall be shut off during fueling.

Electrical equipment shall be installed, operated and maintained in accordance with

the Electrical Code.

Approved emergency controls shall be provided. Dispenser operating instructions shall

be conspicuously posted in approved locations on every dispenser and shall indicate

the location of the emergency controls. An approved emergency procedures sign shall

be provided and posted.

3.1 Self-Service Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facilities

In these service stations the customers pump motor fuel into their fuel tanks.

Although the Certificate of Fitness holder does not pump the fuel for the customer,

he/she must be on the premises while the self service station is open for business.

The Certificate of Fitness holder must observe the dispensing of motor fuel into the

customers' tanks. Any unsafe dispensing procedures must be stopped immediately.

For example, motor fuel should be pumped only into approved containers by the

Certificate of Fitness holder. The Certificate of Fitness holder must know how to

operate the emergency pump shut off breaker. This breaker is designed to shut down

the power supply to the fuel pumps. This is the first thing the Certificate of Fitness

holder should do in the case of a fire.

The P-15 C of F holder’s primary function shall be to supervise, observe and monitor

the dispensing of fuel. The P-15 C of F holder shall:

(a) prevent the dispensing of fuel into containers that do not comply with the

requirements of FDNY,

(b) control sources of ignition,

(d) be ready to use a portable fire extinguisher,

(e) activate the fixed fire extinguishing system.

Approved self-service devices, equipment and systems such as, but not limited to,

card- operated and remote-preset types, are allowed at automotive liquid motor fuel-

dispensing facilities. The P-15 C of F holder shall set the dispensing devices in the “off”

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

position when not in use if such dispensing device can be activated without the P-15 C

of F holder’s knowledge.

(1) Control area (control booth)

A control area shall be located on the premises of every self-service automotive liquid

motor fuel-dispensing facility. The control area shall be an interior or exterior

enclosure to which the public has no access.

The P-15 C of F holder shall be present within the control area (kiosk) while

dispensing operations are conducted. The control booth shall be kept clean and

orderly. The glass panels of the control booth shall be kept clean and unobstructed at

all times. The P-15 C of F holder stationed therein shall have a full, unobstructed clear

view of dispensing operations by using mirrors and/or an approved closed-circuit

television. The “clear” view provided by a closed-circuit television installation shall

mean that the image on the monitor shall be of such brightness and resolution as to

allow ready identification of individuals and easy observation of activities at all times

of day. The P-15 C of F holder must know how to use the two-way voice

communication system to provide contact between the control area and each self-

service dispensing island. Constant communication must occur between the attendant

in the control booth and the dispensing islands by the communication system.

An example of the closed-circuit television

The nozzle must be provided

WITHOUT a latch-open

device in a self-serving motor

fuel station.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

3.2 Fleet Motor Fuel-Dispensing Facilities

The owner of fleet automotive liquid motor fuel-dispensing facilities shall provide, and

be accountable for, daily site visits, regular equipment inspection, and maintenance.

Dispenser operating instructions shall be conspicuously posted in approved locations

on every dispenser and shall indicate the location of the emergency controls.

An approved emergency procedures sign, shall be posted in a conspicuous location

and shall read:

A telephone not requiring a coin to operate or other approved, clearly identified means

to notify the department shall be provided at the facility in an approved location.

Dispensing equipment used at fleet automotive liquid motor fuel-dispensing facilities

shall comply with one of the following:

1. Dispensing devices shall be programmed or set to limit uninterrupted

liquid motor fuel delivery to not more than 25 gallons and require a

manual action to resume delivery.

2. For other than flammable liquid motor fuel, the amount of liquid motor

fuel being dispensed shall be limited in quantity by a preprogrammed

card as approved.

3.3 Inventory Control for Underground Tanks

(1) Daily inventory records

Accurate daily inventory records shall be maintained and reconciled for underground

liquid motor fuel storage tanks for indication of possible leakage from tanks and

piping. Inventory reconciliation shall be in accordance with the regulations of the New

York State Department of Environmental Conservation as set forth in 6 NYCRR Part

613. The records shall be kept at the premises and be made available for inspection by

any representative of the department. Records shall include daily reconciliation

between sales, use, receipts and inventory on hand. Where there is more than one

system consisting of tanks serving separate pumps or dispensers for a product, the

reconciliation shall be maintained separately for each tank system. A consistent or

accidental loss of product shall be immediately reported to the commissioner.

IN CASE OF FIRE, SPILL OR RELEASE

1. USE EMERGENCY PUMP SHUTOFF

2. AC

TIVATE THE FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM PROTECTING THE

FLAMMABLE LIQUID MOTOR FUEL DISPENSING AREA. (where applicable)

FIRE SUPPRESSION EMERGENCY CONTROL LOCATED (indicate location)

3. NOTIFY THE FIRE DEPARTMENT (CALL 911)

FACILITY ADDRESS (indicate address, with cross street reference).

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

(2) Maintenance log book.

A maintenance log shall be kept on the premises for inspection by any Department

representative. Such log shall list all P-15 certified attendants and other persons on

the premises who hold certificates of fitness, with their numbers and expiration dates.

Entries shall be made in such log book of the daily inspections required by this

section, any maintenance or repair of any system, and any fires, spills or other

unusual occurrences.

(3) Daily inspections.

The P-15 C of F holder shall conduct an inspection of the facility at least on a daily

basis, and document such inspection in the maintenance log book. The inspection

shall verify that:

(A) The fire extinguishing system is properly pressurized, nozzles are clear and

unobstructed, and heat detectors are undamaged and unobstructed.

(B) Portable fire extinguishers have been serviced and have adequate pressure.

shutdown are clear of obstructions.

(D) Leak detection systems and other alarms are in good working order.

(E) Emergency procedures signage is posted, unobstructed and legible.

(F) Required lighting is in good working order.

(G) Any mirrors and/or approved closed-circuit television used to monitor

dispensing operations are in good working order.

(H) The voice communications system is in good working order.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

Example of the maintenance log book

NYC Daily Inspection Log ____________________________ Address _______________________________ Month _____________

DATE

FSS

CYLINDERS

PRESSURE

EMERGENCY

SHUT-OFF

SWITCHES &

BEACON LIGHT

SENSORS

NOZZLES

EMERGENCY

RESPONSE

SIGNAGES

ILLUMINATION

LIGHTS

PORTABLE

EXTINGUISHERS

INTERCOM

MIRRORS

/CCTV

COMMENTS

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

3.4 Inspections and Tests Records

Records of all inspections and testing shall be kept in a bound log book or other

approved recordkeeping, maintained on the premises for a minimum of 5 years, and

made available for inspection by a representative of the department.

Automatic-closing emergency shutoff valves (shear valves) shall be checked not less

than once per year by manually tripping the hold-open linkage. In addition, the leak

detection system shall be inspected daily for proper operation and tested at least once

every 2 years by a person holding a certificate of license. Such test shall confirm that

all leak detection equipment and associated alarms are in good working order.

3.5 Reporting of Spills and Discharges

The results of any inventory record, test or inspection which shows a facility is leaking

must be reported to Bulk Fuel Safety Unit of FDNY and Department of Environmental

Conservation (DEC) within 2 hours of the discovery.

All petroleum spills that occur within New York State (NYS) must be reported to the

NYS Spill Hotline (1-800-457-7362) within 2 hours of discovery, except spills which

meet ALL of the following criteria:

1. The quantity is known to be less than 5 gallons; and

2. The spill is contained and under the control of the spiller; and

3. The spill has not and will not reach the State's water or any land; and

4. The spill is cleaned up within 2 hours of discovery.

A spill is considered to have not impacted land if it occurs on a paved surface such as

asphalt or concrete. A spill in a dirt or gravel parking lot is considered to have

impacted land and is reportable.

More details on notification and reporting requirements can be found in the document

posted by the Department of Environmental Conservation

(http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/remediation_hudson_pdf/1x1.pdf).

(The spill responses can be referred to http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8692.html)

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

PART 4. SAFETY REGULATIONS AND FIRE CONTROL

4.1 Labeling and Signage

4.1.1 Color coding and symbols of fill ports

(DEC613.3(b)(2), DEC613.3(b)(3))

The owner or operator must permanently mark all fill ports to identify the product

inside the tank. These markings must be consistent with the color and symbol code of

the American Petroleum Institute which follows. The colors to be used are:

(i)

High gasoline

Red

(ii)

Middle gasoline

Blue

(iii)

Lower gasoline

White

(iv)

High unleaded gasoline

Red w/white cross

(v)

Middle unleaded gasoline

Blue w/white cross

(vi)

Lower unleaded gasoline

White w/black cross

(vii)

Vapor recovery

Orange

(viii)

Diesel

Yellow

(ix)

#1 fuel oil

Purple w/yellow bar

(x)

#2 fuel oil

Green

(xi)

Kerosene

Brown

The symbols to be used are:

(ii) a circle for gasoline products and vapor recovery lines;

(iii) hexagon for other distillates; and

(iv) a border must be painted around fuel products containing extenders such as

alcohol. The border will be black around a white symbol and white around all

other colors.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

4.1.2 Warning signs

(1) Control area sign.

A durable metal sign that reads as follows shall be posted in plain view within the

control area:

Emergency Procedures:

Shut off product pumps.

Direct vehicle occupants to exit vehicles and leave area

immediately.

Keep all persons away from the area.

Manually activate fire extinguishing system.

Notify the Fire Department (Call 911).

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

(2) Dispensing area signs and instructions.

Durable warning signs shall be conspicuously posted on or immediately adjacent to

each dispenser in the fuel-dispensing area and shall state the following:

1. It is illegal and dangerous to fill unapproved containers with fuel.

2. Smoking is prohibited.

3. The engine shall be shut off during the refueling process.

4. Portable containers shall not be filled while located inside the trunk,

passenger compartment, or truck bed of a vehicle.

5. It is unlawful for customers to fill portable containers. See attendant for

assistance.

Dispenser operating instructions shall be conspicuously posted in approved locations

on every dispenser and shall indicate the location of the emergency controls.

The view of the sign should not be obstructed.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

4.1.3 No-Smoking sign

Motor fuels are flammable and easily ignited. For this reason no smoking is permitted

anywhere on the premises. This applies to customers as well as employees.

The material should be made of heavy cardboard stock or other approved durable

material for indoor locations. For outdoor locations, or indoor locations where the

signs may be exposed to conditions that will accelerate deterioration, metal or other

approved durable material that is water-resistant. The signs must be posted indicating

that no smoking is permitted on the premises and must include procedures to be

followed in case of a fire emergency. An example of a No Smoking sign is shown below:

There will be no servicing or repair of motor vehicles in areas used for dispensing.

Safety regulations must be posted in visible locations in the gas station. A sign

displaying the name and address of the owner of service station must be displayed in a

visible location. This sign must also give the name of the person responsible for testing

the fuel dispensing system. Phone numbers where these people can be reached 24

hours a day, 7 days a week must be included on the sign. The Certificate of Fitness

holder must make sure that this sign is visible at all times.

4.2 Control of Ignition, Brush and Debris

Motor fuel should never be used to wash or clean automobile engines. This is

extremely dangerous as the motor fuels are easily ignited by the heat generated by the

engine.

Oily rags are also a potential fire hazard. The oily rags may be easily ignited by a

spark or an open flame. Oily rags used in the service station should be stored in a

listed disposal container. This container should have a self-closing lid. Oily rags

should be replaced daily with clean rags. This container should not be stored close to

any possible sources of ignition. All oil drained from vehicles must be stored in tanks

or drums. These tanks and drums should be stored outdoors. The oils are combustible

and should not be exposed to sparks or open flames. They must be removed only by

an approved liquid waste removal agency. Never dump any of these oils into a sewer,

stream or anywhere on the property. Severe penalties will be levied against anyone

who illegally dumps waste oil. The booth and dispensing islands must be kept clean

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

and orderly access to the controls in the booth and pumps on the islands must be

kept clear and unobstructed by equipment, merchandise or litter.

Smoking materials, including matches and lighters, must not be used within 20 ft of

areas used for fueling, servicing fuel system of internal combustion engines, or

receiving or dispensing of motor fuel liquids. The P-15 must prevent the dispensing of

gasoline, diesel or other motor vehicle fuel into any fuel tank of a vehicle which has

not have had the engine shut off or into any fuel tank, or other means of dispensing if

the customer is smoking. The motors of all equipment being fueled must be shut off

during the fueling operation except for emergency generators, pumps and so forth,

where continuing operation is essential.

Brush, grass, vines or other vegetation and combustible waste shall be kept not less

than 10 feet from the tank and dispensing location.

4.3 Emergency Procedure

The Certificate of Fitness holder must know where all control devices and fire

extinguishers are located in the station. The Certificate of Fitness holder should know

how to operate the control devices and extinguishers in emergency situations.

An approved, clearly identified and readily accessible emergency disconnect switch

shall be provided at an approved location, to immediately shut down the transfer of

fuel to the fuel dispensers in the event of a fuel spill or other emergency. An

emergency disconnect switch for exterior fuel dispensers shall be located within 100

feet of, but not less than 20 feet from, the fuel dispensers. For interior fuel-dispensing

operations, the emergency disconnect switch shall be installed at an approved

location. An approved sign shall be posted on or immediately adjacent to such devices

and shall read: EMERGENCY FUEL SHUTOFF. Such emergency disconnect switches

shall be of a type that is reset manually.

If a fire occurs within the service station, the Certificate of Fitness holder must

activate the fire suppression system FIRST and then the pump will be also

automatically shut off to stop the dispensing of motor fuel. The Fire department/911

should be notified immediately. Efforts should be made to extinguish the fire with the

approved fire extinguishing materials. Approved materials include sand pails, ansul

powder and CO

fire extinguishers. These steps may prevent a major explosion.

The Certificate of Fitness holder should know how to operate the fire extinguishing

systems for the fuel pumps. The system is designed to activate automatically in case

of emergency. The system can also be operated manually. The primary method is to

pull the lever on the Manual Control Box. If the manual pull lever does not function,

the attendant should pull the pin on the nitrogen cylinders that are located in or

near the booth.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

A telephone call to the Fire Department shall be followed upon noticing an emergency.

The Fire Department should always be notified in case of a fire and a large spill of fuel

(e.g. equal to or more than 5 gallons).

The Certificate of Fitness holder should pour sand or other absorbing material on a

motor fuel spill to stop the flow and soak up the fuel on pavement. "Speedy Dry" (like

cat litter) is commonly used to contain and soak up motor fuel spills. Not all

absorbents can make petroleum nonflammable. The area should then be cleaned up

using approved materials. Brooms can be used to sweep up the absorbent material

and put it into buckets, garbage cans or barrels. Remember to control ignition

sources. If a large spill or leak occurs (e.g. more than 5 gallons), the local Fire

Department must be notified immediately. If the fire suppression system or portion of

the fire suppression system has been discharge or is inoperative, it must be the

responsibility of the attendant to ensure that the Fire Department is notified.

1. The emergency fuel shut-off button:

The pump must be quickly shut off

in case of an emergency.

Discharge the fire extinguishing system

manually by:

2. the Manual Control Box

3. the pin on the nitrogen cylinders.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

4.4 Fire Extinguishers

Approved portable fire extinguishers with a

minimum rating of 40-B:C shall be provided and

located such that an extinguisher is not less than

20 feet but not more than 75 feet from pumps,

dispensers or storage tank fill-pipe openings. In

addition to the portable fire extinguishers required

to be provided in the dispensing area, 2 portable fire

extinguishers with at least a 40-B:C rating shall be

provided within the control booth.

Fire extinguishers must be used in accordance with

the instructions painted on the side of the

extinguisher. They clearly describe how to use the

extinguisher in case of an emergency. The

Certificate of Fitness holder should become familiar

with the instructions for the extinguisher at his/her

work site. When it comes to using a fire-

extinguisher just remember the acronym P.A.S.S. to

help make sure you use it properly. P.A.S.S. stands

for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep. An example of these

instructions is depicted in the picture.

All fire extinguishers must be installed so that the top of the extinguisher is not more

than 5 ft above the floor and the clearance between the bottom of the extinguisher and

the floor is not less than 4 in. In other words, no fire extinguisher is allowed to be

on the floor.

(1) The top of the fire extinguishers

must not be more than 5 ft above

the floor.

(2) The fire extinguishers must be

accessible and unobstructed.

The bottom of the extinguisher

must be at least 4 in above the

floor.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

4.4.1 Different types of fire extinguishers

The Certificate of Fitness holder must be familiar with the different types of fire

extinguishers available at the work site. The Certificate of Fitness holder must know

how to operate the extinguishers in a safe and efficient manner. The Certificate of

Fitness holder must also know the difference between the various types of

extinguishers and when they may be used. A description of the classes of fires and

the appropriate extinguishers are described below.

Class A fires are caused by ordinary combustible materials (such as wood, paper, and

cloth). To extinguish a Class A fire, these extinguishers utilize either the heat-

absorbing effects of water or the coating effects of certain dry chemicals.

Class B fires are caused by flammable or combustible liquids and gases such as oil,

gasoline, etc. To extinguish a Class B fire, the blanketing-smothering effect of oxygen-

excluding media such as CO

, dry chemical or foam is most effective.

Class C fires involve electrical equipment. These fires must be fought with fire

extinguishers that do not conduct electricity. Foam and water type extinguishers must

not be used to extinguish electrical fires. After shutting off the electrical equipment,

extinguishers for Class A or B fires may be used.

Class D fires are caused by ignitable metals, such as magnesium, titanium, and

metallic sodium, or metals that are combustible under certain conditions, such as

calcium, zinc, and aluminum. Generally, water should not be used to extinguish

these fires.

A multi-purpose dry chemical fire extinguisher may be used to extinguish more than 2

Classes fires. Examples of some fire extinguishers are shown below.

Examples of fire extinguishers

10-B:C (10BC)

3-A:40-B:C(3A40BC)

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

Symbols may also be painted on the extinguisher. The symbols indicate what kind of

fires the extinguisher may be used on. Examples of these symbols are shown below.

Fire Extinguisher Identification Symbols

The symbol with the shaded background and the slash indicates when the

extinguisher must not be used. The C of F holder must understand these symbols.

All fire extinguishers should be kept in good working order at all times.

4.4.2 Fire extinguisher inspections

MONTHLY

The portable fire extinguishers are required to be checked monthly. The owner of the

business is responsible to select a person to do a monthly inspection. This monthly

inspection is called a "quick check".

The QUICK CHECK should check if:

(1) the fire extinguisher is fully charged;

(2) it is in its designated place;

(3) it has not been actuated or tampered with;

(4) there is no obvious or physical damage or condition to prevent its operation.

The information of the monthly inspection record must include the date of the

inspection, the name/initials of the person who did the inspection. This monthly quick

check record must be kept on the back of the PFE tag or by an approved electronic

method that provides a permanent record.

ANNUALLY

At least annually all Portable Fire Extinguishers must be checked by a W-96

Certificate of Fitness holder from FDNY approved company. After each annual

inspection W-96 COF holder will replace the PFE tag. The information of the annual

inspection record must be indicated on the new PFE tag.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

4.4.3 Portable fire extinguisher tags

Installed portable fire extinguishers must have an FDNY standard PFE tag affixed.

This tag will have important information about the extinguisher. By November 15,

2019, all portable fire extinguishers must have the new PFE tags. The FDNY will only

recognize new PFE tags and will be issuing violations to business that have PFE

installed without a proper tag.

The color of the fire extinguishers may be changed by the FDNY every few years. The

FDNY recommends two ways to verify the tag’s legitimacy:

1. Hologram:

A real hologram strip shown on the tag is 3 inches long by ¼ inch wide. Counterfeit

tags will NOT have a high quality silver hologram. The hologram on a counterfeit tag

will NOT change color as it is moved against the light.

2. QR code

IF you scan the QR code, it should direct you to the updated FDNY approved fire

extinguisher company list. You can use the company list to verify if the company

printed on the list is currently approved by the FDNY.

If your PFE tags cannot be verified via these two methods, contact your supervisor. If

you suspect your PFE is a counterfeit, contact FDNY immediately by e-mail:

[email protected]

PFE tag (This tag is released for 2021-2023)

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

Fire Department also issues standard outdoor fire extinguisher tags. If the fire

extinguishers may be placed outdoors, the COF holder should ask the fire

extinguisher suppliers to provide the outdoor fire extinguisher tags for the fire

extinguishers.

The special features of the outdoor tags:

1. The material is durable and tear-resistant

2. Different printings:

• On the back of the tag, the series number will contain a “D” letter;

AND/OR

• On the front of the tag, an “O” is printed on the top of the tag (this feature

may not be on ALL outdoor tags)

Outdoor PFE tags

4.5 Fire Extinguishing System

Where flammable liquid motor fuel is dispensed at an automotive liquid motor fuel-

dispensing facility, the dispensing area shall be provided with a dry chemical fire

extinguishing system designed, and the following requirements must be met:

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

1. The fire extinguishing system shall be designed to provide overhead protection of

the dispenser area encompassed by a circle formed by the fully extended hose

and nozzle on each fuel dispenser and both ends of the dispenser island.

2. The extinguishing agent containers shall be equipped with indicators to show

whether the system is fully charged. Indicators shall be positioned to be easily

read from grade.

3. The installation, alteration, testing and repair of the fire extinguishing system,

including any maintenance or modification of the system, shall be performed by a

person possessing a master fire suppression piping contractor license issued by

the New York City Department of Buildings and certified in the installation,

operation and maintenance of the specific fire extinguishing system.

4. Dispensers shall not be operated when the fire extinguishing system has

discharged or is inoperative, except as authorized in writing by the department.

The motor fuel-dispensing facility P-15 C of F holder shall immediately notify the

department of system discharge or inoperability.

5. A performance test of the fire extinguishing system shall be performed at the time

of installation in accordance with the approved design and installation

documents, and such procedures as may be prescribed by the commissioner. Fire

extinguishing systems shall be tested at least once every 5 years from the date of

the first test of the initial installation. The test shall be in accordance with

procedures prescribed by the commissioner.

6. Fire extinguishing systems at fleet vehicle automotive liquid motor fuel-

dispensing facilities shall be monitored by an approved central station company.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

PART 5: LITHIUM-ION BATTERY SAFETY

Lithium-ion safety

Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable batteries found in electric bikes,

scooters, cars, laptops, tablets, phones, and many other common household

devices.

Lithium-ion battery fires have caused deaths, serious injuries, and devastating

damage to property around the city. It’s important to follow rules for safe

storage, charging, and disposal for these types of batteries.

If you own a lithium-ion powered device or plan to buy one, the FDNY has

important safety tips that you should follow. These tips apply to all devices

cigarettes, toys, high-tech luggage, and even robotic vacuum cleaners.

Immediately stop using or charging battery and call 911 if you notice:

• Fire or Smoke • Overheating • Change in color or shape

• Odd noises • Leaking • Strange smell

ALWAYS:

NEVER:

•

purchase and use devices certified

by a Nationally Recognized Testing

Laboratory (NRTL).

• follow the manufacturer’s

instructions for:

• charging and storage.

• correct battery, cord, and

power adapter

• keep exit path clear at all times.

• plug directly into a wall electrical

outlet for charging.

• keep batteries and devices at room

temperature.

• store and/or charge batteries away

from anything flammable.

• keep away from heat sources.

• bring batteries to a NYC Battery

Recycling Center. Visit

nyc.gov/batteries

for more

information.

•

use aftermarket batteries or

chargers.

• use damaged or altered batteries

• plug into a power strip or

overload an outlet.

• overcharge or leave battery

charging overnight.

• charge a battery or device under

your pillow, on your bed, or near

a couch

• leave e-bikes or e-scooters

unattended while charging.

• block your primary way in or out

of a room/space with e-bikes, e-

scooters, wheelchairs, etc.

• place batteries in Trash or

Recycling bin. It is ILLEGAL.

Visit nyc.gov/batteries for

disposal locations and

information.

In the event of a Fire,

Leave and CLOSE the door.

Call 911 once you are

in a safe location.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

Charging Lithium Ion

Lithium-ion batteries do not have to be fully charged; partial

charge is the most suitable.

When

charging more than five (5)

personal mobility devices or their

removable batteries, it must be in a

dedicated room with ventilation

and a

self-closing door.

For a total battery capacity of 20 kilowatt-hours (kWh), a 2-foot

separation between charging batteries is required. For a total battery

capacity up to 50 kWh, a 3-foot separation is needed.

Chargers must only be used with a compatible battery pack. The

original equipment manufacturer (OEM) charger interplays with the

battery pack using the battery management system (BMS). The wrong

battery/charger combination may not work safely. For example, the

100% cutoff to prevent overcharging, which damages batteries, may

not work which can easily create hazardous conditions such as fires,

explosions and/or injuries.

Always check with the manufacturer or retailer of the personal

mobility device, an authorized repair shop or a testing laboratory

such as Underwrites Laboratories (UL) to see if replacement is

recommended or listed and safe for use with that device. Using

unauthorized parts, including batteries and/or chargers, may cause

damage, fire and possibly void your warranty.

Extinguishing Lithium-ion

Water may not prevent a battery from burning and spreading. Battery cells

are known to explode and quickly spread to another battery. It can spread

to another devices.

Fire Extinguishers

do not work

on lithium-ion batteries fires.

This book is provided to the public for free by the FDNY.

Unexpected Re-ignition.

Reignition is common. Lithium-Ion Batteries are known to unexpectedly re-

ignite (without warning) minutes, hours and even days after all visible fire has

been put out.

Lithium-ion batteries can enter an uncontrollable, self-heating state. This can

result in the release of gas, cause fire and possible explosion.

These batteries may continue to generate heat even when there is no visible

sign of fire. Once heat reaches a certain level fire may reignite on the battery

and surrounding area.