International Journal of Engineering & Advanced Technology (IJEAT)

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)

ISSN: 2249-8958 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-6, August, 2019

3162

Published By:

Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering

& Sciences Publication

Retrieval Number F9267088619/2019©BEIESP

DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.F9267.088619

Journal Website: www.ijeat.org

Abstract: An attempt has been made in this paper to study the

effect on the mechanical properties of the concrete and hollow

concrete block when different types of fibres were added to the

mix. The two different types of fibres added include Steel fibres

with hooked end and of length 60mm at five different fibre ratios

of 2.5%, 2.75%, 3.0%, 3.25% and 3.5% and Nylon fibres having a

length of 18mm at the content of 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25% and

1.50%. The concept of fibre hybridization was also analyzed and

the effect was studied by preparing concrete mix with various

percentage combinations of steel and nylon fibres at a total fibre

ratio of 3% by weight of cement. The investigation focused on

finding the optimum values of fibres to be added and also carried

out the compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete with

and without fibres. The compressive strength of hollow concrete

blocks made with and without fibres was also analyzed. The

samples of concrete and hollow concrete blocks were cast and

immersed in water for a curing period of 28 days. The results on

strength of fibre added concrete and hollow concrete block

obtained was compared with the control mix result and the study

concludes that the steel fibre and nylon fibre added concrete and

hollow concrete block showed an improvement in the mechanical

properties for each fibre ratio considered. Out of the various

combinations of steel and nylon fibre tried, the best compressive

strength improvement was exhibited by the concrete mix with 3%

of the steel fibre without any addition of nylon fibres while the best

tensile strength improvement was shown by the concrete mix with

2.25% of steel fibre and 0.75% of nylon fibre.

Keywords: Compressive strength, Flexural Strength, Hooked

end steel fibres, Nylon fibres, Split tensile strength.

I. INTRODUCTION

By increasing the resistance to cracking in concrete, the

tensile strength and strain capacity of concrete can be

improved. Many researchers have taken efforts to increase

the resistance to cracking by adding different types of fibres

in concrete. The concrete thus obtained is known as Fibre

Reinforced Concrete (FRC) [1]. However, the fibres which

are used in FRC must have good mechanical properties,

should be durable when embedded into the cementitious

matrix [2]. The behaviour of FRC is influenced by the

dimensions such as length and diameter of the fibre used. It is

also affected by the shape of the fibre and also the type of

Revised Manuscript Received on August 30, 2019.

* Correspondence Author

Sunil J*, Civil Engineering, Noorul Islam Center for Higher Education,

Kumaracoil, Thuckalay, Tamil Nadu, India.

M S Ravikumar, Civil Engineering, PSN College of Engineering and

Technology, Thirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC

BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

material [3][4]. The distribution of fibres in concrete also

depends on the above-mentioned parameters [5]. Many types

of fibres made of Polypropylene, Glass, Nylon, Steel, Natural

Cellulose has been used in FRC and they are widely used in

commercial applications [6][7][8][9][10]. Some researchers

are of the opinion that adding fibres in concrete not only

improves the tensile strength but also shows signs of

improvement in ductility, toughness and durability properties

of hardened concrete [11]. Many researchers used FRC with

combinations of fibres made of different materials or

geometry known as hybrid FRC (HyFRC). Such HyFRC’s

enhances the structural members' post-cracking response

[12]. In a well-designed HyFRC, the interaction between the

fibres results in better performance than that of FRC with a

single fibre [13][14]. Based on the suggestions of some

authors, the main objective of the use of fibres of different

types in combination in concrete is aimed at controlling

emergence of cracks on the cementitious materials, at

respective areas namely: (i) at different zones, (ii) at different

size levels and (iii) during different loading stages [15].

By adding steel fibres in concrete, both the tensile strength

and the compressive strength are improved. A lot of

researches have been carried out in the past to prove that the

Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) enhanced the

resistance in the areas of cracking and impact. The addition of

steel fibres in concrete impaired the workability because of

two reasons. The first reason is due to the elongated shape of

the fibre and the second reason is the large surface area

offered by the fibre. Therefore, the amount of fibre that can

be added is limited and the maximum amount needs to be

determined. In order to make the best use of the steel fibres

added, they need to be distributed homogeneously in the mix.

Or in other words, the fibres should not form clusters in the

mix while mixing. The commonly used areas where SFRC

includes industrial pavements where good control over the

shrinkage cracking is essential, for the lining of tunnels and

also for precast roof elements. Some studies claim that the

steel fibre added concrete shows notable improvement in

compressive strength [16] while other authors suggest that

this argument is not sustainable [17].

The incorporation of Nylon fibres in concrete showed

improved mechanical properties and the concrete also

exhibited satisfactory resistance in the micro-cracking

developed in the initial period. Because of the above property

nylon fibre reinforced concrete (NFRC) is used for casting

the deck slabs.

Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Hollow

Concrete Blocks Containing Steel and Nylon

Fibres

Sunil J, M S Ravikumar

Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Hollow Concrete Blocks Containing Steel and Nylon Fibres

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Table- I: Characteristics of Steel and Nylon fibres used

Type of

fibre

Shape of fibre

Specific

Gravity

(gram/cubic

cm)

Length

of the

fibre

(mm)

Diameter

of the

fibre

(mm)

Aspect

Ratio

(l/d)

Tensile

Strength

(MPa)

Steel

Hooked End

7.86

0.75

620

Nylon

Straight

1.14

0.03

666.67

440

Only a few studies have been carried out using nylon fibre

as reinforcement. Some authors [18] claim that the nylon

fibre added concrete decreases the strength due to

compression even though there is a remarkable increase in

the tensile strength.

In this study, an effort has been made to analyze the impact

of the inclusion of steel fibres, nylon fibres and hybridization

of both the fibres on the strength of concrete and hollow

concrete blocks. Steel fibres with hooked end with a length of

60mm were used at five different fibre ratios of 2.5%, 2.75%,

3.0%, 3.25% and 3.5%. Nylon fibres at the content of 0.5%,

0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25% and 1.50% were used in the work. The

length of the nylon fibre used was 18mm. The effect of fibre

hybridization was also analyzed by preparing three mixtures

which were obtained by combining steel and nylon fibres at a

total fibre ratio of 3% by weight of cement. The three

mixtures used in the study include FRC with 100% steel,

75% steel & 25% nylon and 50% steel & 50% nylon fibres.

The characteristics of the steel and nylon fibre used in the

work are listed in Table I.

II. OBJECTIVES, SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY

A. Objectives

The foremost intention of this investigation was to

determine the properties of Steel fibre and Nylon fibre

reinforced concrete specimens made with different fîbre

dosages. The various properties were studied on the fresh

concrete as well as on the hardened concrete. The mechanical

properties of the fibre included concrete were also compared

with the properties of the concrete without fibre.

B. Scope

The steel fiber dosages chosen for the study were 0%,

2.50%, 2.75%, 3.0%, 3.25% and 3.5% by weight of cement.

The dosages selected for Nylon fibres include 0.5%, 0.75%,

1.0%, 1.25% and 1.5% by weight of cement. The steel and

nylon fibre combination includes three different mixes i.e.,

100% steel, 75% steel & 25% nylon and 50% steel & 50%

nylon fibres.

C. Methodology

Materials required for the experiments were procured and

their properties were found. The mix design of M15 grade

concrete was done as per IS 10262-2009. The fresh properties

of concrete for different fibre dosages were found using

slump value. Specimens for determining mechanical

properties of concrete and hollow concrete blocks with and

without steel fibres and nylon fibres were cast and immersed

in water for a curing period of 28 days. After the curing

period, the specimens were taken out of the water and they

are wiped clean and dried in open air. The specimens were

subjected to various strength test such as compressive

strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength of fibre

added concrete and the compressive strength of fibre added

hollow concrete blocks. The results obtained from the fibre

added specimens were compared with the control specimens.

Optimum fibre content was also obtained by analyzing the

various strength properties such as compressive, split tensile

and flexural. The methodology adopted in this paper is shown

in figure 1

Fig. 1. Experimental Methodology

III. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

A. Materials

The properties of each material in a concrete mix were

studied. As specified by relevant IS codes, different tests

were conducted for each material. For making the various

concrete mixes, Ordinary Portland cement, coarse aggregate,

M Sand, Steel fibres, Nylon fibres and water were used.

▪ Cement: - OPC53 cement of 3.15 specific gravity was

utilized. The standard consistency obtained was 32%.

It recorded an initial setting time of 30 minutes and a

final setting time of 420 minutes. Standard mortar

cubes were immersed in water for a period of 28 days.

After the curing period of 28 days, the compressive

strength test was conducted and the value was

measured as 54 MPa. All properties of cement were in

accordance with IS269:1976.

▪ Fine Aggregate: - M sand passing through 4.75mm IS

sieve as per IS: 383-1987 was used as the fine

aggregate. The various tests were performed for the

physical properties and the corresponding values

obtained are shown in Table II.

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)

ISSN: 2249-8958 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-6, August, 2019

3164

Published By:

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Retrieval Number F9267088619/2019©BEIESP

DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.F9267.088619

Journal Website: www.ijeat.org

▪ Coarse Aggregate: - Crushed stone aggregates of

nominal maximum 10mm size was used as the coarse

aggregate. It is ensured that they are free from

deleterious materials like silt content, clay and

contamination of chloride. The various test for

specific gravity, aggregate impact value, fineness

modulus and water absorption was carried out and the

values obtained are as given in Table III.

Table- II: Physical Properties of M Sand used

Sl. No

Properties

Values

Grading

Zone 2

Specific Gravity

2.57

Bulk Density

1560kg/m

Fineness Modulus

2.83

Water Absorption

1.2%

Table III: Properties of Coarse Aggregate

Sl. No

Properties

Values

Specific Gravity

2.65

Aggregate Impact Value

33.8%

Size

Max. Size 10mm

Fineness Modulus

6.02

Water Absorption

0.15%

▪ Superplasticizer: - A commercially available

superplasticizer (Glenium) having the properties

shown in Table IV was used. The superplasticizer

added was 0.85 % by weight of cement to all mixes

conforming to IS 9103:1999.

Table IV: Properties of Superplasticizer

Sl. No

Description

Values

Colour

Amber

Structure

Poly Carboxylic Ether

Based

Density

1.082 -1.142 kg/ltrs

Chlorine content

< 0.1

Alkaline Content

< 3

▪ Fibres: - Hooked end steel fibres and Nylon 6 fibres

were used in various proportions. The experiment

includes concrete with steel fibres, concrete with

nylon fibres and concrete with various combination of

steel and nylon fibres. In the investigation five

different percentages of 2.5%, 2.75%. 3%, 3.25% and

3.5% steel fibres by weight of cement and 0.5%,

0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25% and 1.5% nylon fibres by weight

of cement were incorporated to concrete.

▪ Water: - Clean potable water tested in the laboratory

and which satisfies the drinking standards was used

for the preparation of specimens and also for curing of

the specimens.

B. Design of Concrete Mix

This process involves the selection of ingredients like

cement, aggregates and water in the required proportions.

The main intention of doing a mix design is to obtain a

concrete having desired strength and also an economical one.

The concrete thus prepared must be durable and also should

be workable. This process has been carried out and the final

mix proportion (cohesive) mentioned in Table V below is the

basis for the present investigation.

Table- V: Materials used in the Mix

Sl. No

Ingredients

Quantity ( kg/m

)

Water

150

Cement

319.8

Fine Aggregate

767.4

Coarse Aggregate

1151.4

Water Cement Ratio

0.50

Concrete cubes samples of size 150mm x 150mm x

150mm, Concrete cylinder specimens of size 150mm

diameter and 300mm height, Concrete beam samples of size

500mm x 100mm x 100mm and hollow concrete blocks with

dimensions 400 x 200 x 200mm were cast for conducting

various strength tests such as compressive, flexural and split

tensile test in the laboratory.

C. Test Program, Procedures and Testing Methods

Water cement ratio of 0.5 was used for preparing the

concrete samples. Different strength tests were carried out on

concrete added with steel fibres, concrete added with nylon

fibres and concrete added with different percentage

combinations of steel and nylon fibres. The various

percentage of fibres added to the concrete was taken by the

weight of the cement used. Five different percentages of

2.5%, 2.75%. 3%, 3.25% and 3.5% steel fibres by weight of

cement were added to concrete. The nylon fibers were also

placed in concrete randomly (0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25% and

1.5%) by weight of cement. An effort has also been taken in

the present investigation to study the strength of steel-nylon

hybrid fibre added to concrete for three different steel-nylon

fibres percentages. The percentages adopted includes 100%

steel and without nylon fibres, 75% steel and 25% nylon

fibres and 50% steel and 50% nylon fibres added to concrete.

The concrete cube samples were cast in 150mm cubic mould

in order to obtain the compressive strength. Hollow blocks of

size 400 x 200 x 200mm were also prepared to obtain the

compressive strength. Cylindrical steel moulds with

diameter 150mm and height 300mm are used for cylindrical

concrete specimens for obtaining the split tensile strength.

Concrete beams of size 500mm x 100mm x 100mm were cast

for performing the flexural strength test. All the specimens

were immersed in water for a period of 28 days before

testing.

After the curing period, all the specimens were taken out of

the water and they are wiped clean and dried in the open air.

Compression tests were carried out on 150mm cube

specimens using a compression testing machine as per IS

516-1959. Hollow concrete block specimens were also

subjected to compression test using universal testing

machine.

Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Hollow Concrete Blocks Containing Steel and Nylon Fibres

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DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.F9267.088619

Journal Website: www.ijeat.org

Split tensile strength was executed on cylindrical

specimens using compression testing machine as per IS

5816:1999 and beam specimens were exposed to two-point

loading as per IS 516:1959 to study the flexural strength. All

the test was carried out on the concrete specimens made using

fibre added concrete and also on the concrete specimens

made without the addition of any type of fibre which is

specified as the control specimens.

IV. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

A. Compressive Strength

The compressive strength obtained on concrete cubes

made without the addition of fibres was 19.2N/mm

and

hollow concrete block compressive strength was 3.8 N/mm

The variation of cube compressive strength of different fibre

added concrete obtained after the curing period of 28 days is

shown in figure 2 and are presented in Table VI. The values

obtained after the test shows that the incorporation of steel

fibres, Nylon fibres and various combinations of steel and

nylon fibres improve the compressive strength. Also, the

cube compressive strength of nylon fibre added concrete

increases up to 1% fibre content and thereafter the strength is

decreased. The maximum cube compressive strength

obtained was 23.41N/mm

and the percentage increase of

strength after the curing period was obtained as 21.9% when

compared with the concrete without adding any fibre. When

different percentages of steel fibres were added to concrete,

the optimum was obtained as 3% and beyond that, the

strength was seen to be decreasing. The maximum strength

was obtained as 26.34N/mm

with a percentage increase of

37.1%.

Three combinations of steel and nylon fibres in concrete

was tried by keeping the fibre content to 3%. In the first case,

100% of steel fibre was used. The second case includes

specimens with 75% steel fibres and 25% nylon fibres in

concrete. The third case consists of specimens with 50% steel

fibres and 50% nylon fibres. Out of the above three cases

mentioned, the specimens with 100% steel fibres showed

maximum compressive strength.

The variation of compressive strength on different fibre

added hollow concrete block after a period of 28 days of

curing period is shown in figure 3 and are presented in Table

VI. As expected, the hollow block compressive strength was

obtained similar to the cube compressive strength with only a

slight difference in percentage increase in the strength. The

optimum fibre content was obtained as 1% in the case of

nylon fibre added hollow block concrete and it is 3% when

steel fibre was included in the concrete used for making

hollow blocks. The maximum compressive strength was

obtained as 4.6N/mm

which gives an increase of 21.1% and

5.21N/mm

with a percentage increase of 37.2% with nylon

and steel added hollow block respectively. In the case of

steel-nylon hybrid hollow concrete block, a result similar to

the cube compressive strength was obtained. The maximum

hollow block compressive strength was obtained when 100%

of steel fibres was added to concrete. The addition of nylon

fibres along with steel fibres reduces the compressive

strength.

The values obtained from the compressive test show that

the fibre included concrete perform better than the concrete

without fibres due to the ability of fibres to resist the crack

extension. The presence of fibres reduces the concentration

of stress at the tip of the cracks, changes the direction of

cracks and also the growth rate of the cracks is also delayed.

Table VI shows that the cube and hollow block compressive

strength increases from 9% to 22% for various percentages of

nylon fibre added to the concrete. Similarly, when different

percentages of steel fibres were added to concrete the cube

and hollow block compressive strength increases from 6.3%

to 37.2%. In order to improve the compressive strength in

concrete, the same table also

reveals that the consequence

Fig. 2. Cube Compressive Strength of Steel, Nylon

and Steel-Nylon hybrid fibre added concrete

Table- VI: Compressive strength, Split tensile Strength and Flexural Strength Test Results

Mix

No.

Mixture ID

Cube Compressive

Strength (MPa)

Hollow Block

Compressive Strength

(MPa)

Split Tensile Strength

(MPa)

Flexural Strength (MPa)

28 days

increase

28 days

increase

28 days

increase

28 days

increase

Plain

19.2

3.8

2.19

2.81

NF0.5

21.1

9.9

4.16

9.5

2.43

3.26

NF0.75

21.9

14.1

4.43

16.6

2.62

19.6

3.65

29.9

NF1.0

23.41

21.9

4.6

21.1

2.95

34.7

3.87

37.7

NF1.25

21.43

11.6

4.31

13.4

2.41

3.7

31.7

NF1.5

20.94

9.1

4.14

8.9

2.29

4.6

3.34

18.9

SF2.5

21.71

12.4

4.27

13.1

2.47

12.8

3.31

17.8

SF2.75

24.31

26.6

4.81

26.6

2.76

3.65

29.9

SF3.0

26.34

37.1

5.21

37.2

3.08

40.6

4.11

46.3

SF3.25

23.4

21.6

4.62

21.9

2.66

21.5

3.68

SF3.5

20.43

6.3

4.04

6.4

2.44

11.4

3.25

15.7

SF2.25NF0.75

25.19

4.98

31.2

3.16

44.3

4.27

49.1

SF1.5NF1.5

24.39

26.8

4.82

2.86

30.6

3.96

40.9

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)

ISSN: 2249-8958 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-6, August, 2019

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DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.F9267.088619

Journal Website: www.ijeat.org

of adding steel fibres was more significant than adding nylon

fibres. The reason for showing this improvement in the

compressive strength is mainly because of the higher strength

and modulus of elasticity of steel fibres when compared with

nylon fibres. As a result, the efficiency of bridging the

macro-cracks has increased which in turn increased the

strength in compression.

Table VI also shows that when a small percentage of nylon

fibres is added along with the steel fibres, the cube and the

hollow block compressive strength attain 31.2% more than

that of the concrete without any fibres depending on the

replacement level of nylon and steel fibres. The results

obtained indicate that the compressive strength is decreased

when a portion of steel fibres is substituted with nylon fibres.

The mix which gave the best performance was the concrete

added with 3% steel fibres, which attained a cube and hollow

block compressive strength of 26.34N/mm

and 5.21N/mm

respectively at the end of curing period.

B. Split Tensile and Flexural Strengths

The variation of strength both in split and flexure of

different fibre added to the concrete are shown in fig 3 and

are presented in Table VI. The experimental results clearly

indicate that out of the steel and nylon fibres used, the steel

incorporated concrete gave a significant improvement in the

tensile strength. The strength is increased from 4.6% to

34.7% compared to the reference concrete when different

percentages of nylon fibres were added to concrete. The

maximum value was obtained as 2.95N/mm

for the optimum

fibre content of 1%. When different percentages of steel

fibres were added to concrete, the strength is increased from

12.8% to 40.6%. The maximum value of 3.08N/mm

was

obtained for the optimum fibre content of 3%. The results of

the hybrid fibre included concrete indicates a superior

increase of strength than concrete added with single fibre or

concrete made without fibres. Table VI indicates that Mix 12

gave a higher split tensile strength of 3.16N/mm

, 44.3%

higher than the strength of reference concrete. In comparison

with reference concrete, the table also demonstrates that the

other samples of concrete with the combination of any type of

fibres, exhibit better performance in the matter of strength.

In the investigation of flexural strength also, a similar

strength variation as that of split tensile strength can be seen.

The flexural strength increases from 16% to 37.7% and

15.7% to 46.3% for different percentage addition of nylon

and steel fibres in concrete respectively. The maximum value

of 3.87N/mm

is obtained when an optimum nylon fibre

content of 1% is added and 4.11N/mm

is obtained when 3%

of steel fibre is added to concrete.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Fig. 3. Strengths of different fibre reinforced concretes: a) Nylon fibre reinforced specimens b) Steel fibre reinforced

specimens and (c) Hybrid fibre reinforced specimens

Fig. 2. Strengths of different fibre reinforced concretes: a) Nylon fibre reinforced specimens b) Steel fibre reinforced

specimens and (c) Hybrid fibre reinforced specimens

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Therefore, with an addition of steel fibres in concrete, the

flexural strength achieved is of significant increase, as per

results given in Table VI. At the end of a curing period of 28

days, the hybrid steel nylon fibre reinforced concrete results

show that mix 12 obtains a higher value of 4.27N/mm

terms of flexural strength which is 49.1% higher than that of

concrete without fibres.

V. CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions given below are based on the analytical

discussions of the test results in this study:

1) The values obtained from the compression test shows

that the fibre included concrete perform better than the

concrete without fibres due to the ability of fibres to

resist the crack extension. This increase is mainly due to

the ability of the fibres to restrain the extension of

cracks.

2) The presence of fibres reduces the stress concentration at

the tip of the cracks, changes the direction of cracks and

also delay the growth rate of the cracks.

3) The optimum steel fibre content and nylon fibre content

was obtained as 3% and 1% by weight of cement.

4) The maximum cube compressive strength and hollow

concrete block compressive strength obtained on

concrete added with nylon fibres was 23.41N/mm

and

4.6 N/mm

respectively which is 21.9% and 21.1%

higher than the strength of concrete and hollow concrete

block without adding any fibres.

5) The maximum value of steel fibre reinforced concrete

cube and hollow concrete block compressive strength

obtained was 26.34 N/mm

and 5.21N/mm

respectively

which is 37.1% and 37.2% higher than the strength on

reference concrete and reference hollow concrete block.

6) Out of the steel and nylon fibres used, steel fibre added

concrete and hollow concrete blocks performed better

because of two factors. They have higher tensile strength

and higher value of modulus of elasticity.

7) The results of hybrid reinforced concrete and hollow

concrete blocks shows that the substitution of steel fibres

with nylon fibres reduces the compressive strength.

8) The maximum value of split tensile and flexural strength

of nylon fibre reinforced concrete obtained are

2.95N/mm

and 3.87N/mm

respectively which gives an

increase of 34.7% and 37.7% over the strength of

concrete without the addition of fibres.

9) The steel fibre reinforced concrete attained a maximum

value of split tensile and flexural strength as 3.08N/mm

and 4.11N/mm

with an increase of 40.6% and 46.3%

when compared with the strength of concrete without

fibres.

10) When 2.25% of steel fibres and 0.75% of nylon fibres

were added to the concrete, the highest split tensile and

flexural strength was obtained. The values obtained are

3.16N/mm

and 4.27N/mm

which shows an increase of

44.3% and 49.1% over the strength of concrete without

adding any fibre content.

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AUTHORS PROFILE

Sunil J is currently pursuing his PhD in Civil

Engineering at Noorul Islam Centre for Higher

Education, Thuckalay, Tamil Nadu. His main research

interest is in the field of Structural Engineering. He

received MTech degree in Construction Management

and Structural Engineering from TKM College of

Engineering, Kollam in 2010. He completed his BTech degree in Civil

Engineering from College of Engineering, Trivandrum in 2001.

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)

ISSN: 2249-8958 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-6, August, 2019

3168

Published By:

Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering

& Sciences Publication

DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.F9267.088619

Journal Website: www.ijeat.org

Dr M S Ravikumar is currently working as Professor

and Principal in PSN College of Engineering and

Technology, Thirunelveli. India. He has authored

number of papers in reputed national and international

journals. He has been guiding Projects and Dissertations

of post graduate and PhD students in Civil Engineering.

He has been a resource person for a number of FDPs on

various areas of research and technology as part of academic career.