Study and Reference Guide
Pilot Permit - Ultra-light Aeroplane
Second Edition
September 2012
TP 14453E
1
Other related TC Publication: TP 13014 Sample Examination
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© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Transport, 2006.
Permission is granted by the Department of Transport, Canada, to copy and/or reproduce the contents of
this publication in whole or in part provided that full acknowledgment is given to the Department of
Transport, Canada, and that the material be accurately reproduced. While use of this material has been
authorized, the Department of Transport, Canada, shall not be responsible for the manner in which the
information is presented, nor for any interpretations thereof.
The information in this publication is to be considered solely as a guide and should not be quoted as or
considered to be a legal authority. It may become obsolete in whole or in part at any time without notice.
ISBN 978-1-100-16468-7
Catalogue No. T52-4/55-2010E-PDF
TP 14453E (09/2012)
TC-1004028
Cette publication est aussi disponible en français sous le titre [Guide d’étude et de référence Permis de
pilote – avion ultra-léger]
2
You may reproduce this guide as required, it can be found at
http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/general-exams-guides-menu-2181.htm
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL ................................................................................................................................. 4
EXAMINATION PREREQUISITES ......................................................................................... 4
KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................... 4
EXAMINATION RULES .......................................................................................................... 4
MATERIALS REQUIRED ....................................................................................................... 4
TIME LIMITS .......................................................................................................................... 5
REWRITING OF EXAMINATIONS ......................................................................................... 5
EXAMINATION FEEDBACK ................................................................................................... 5
EXAMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 6
AIR LAW .................................................................................................................................... 7
SECTION 1: AIR LAW AND PROCEDURES ........................................................................ 7
NAVIGATION............................................................................................................................12
SECTION 2: NAVIGATION ..................................................................................................12
METEOROLOGY ......................................................................................................................13
SECTION 3: METEOROLOGY.............................................................................................13
AERONAUTICS – GENERAL KNOWLEDGE ..........................................................................14
SECTION 4: UlTRA-LIGHT AEROPLANE COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS ........................14
SECTION 5: THEORY OF FLIGHT ......................................................................................15
SECTION 6: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS .................................................................................16
SECTION 7: FLIGHT OPERATIONS ...................................................................................17
SECTION 8: HUMAN FACTORS .........................................................................................18
SECTION 9 : EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ........................................................................18
RECOMMENDED STUDY MATERIAL .....................................................................................19
ENQUIRIES ..............................................................................................................................19
3
Intentionally left blank 1
4
GENERAL
EXAMINATION PREREQUISITES
Prior to taking a written examination, an applicant for a flight crew permit, licence or rating shall
meet the prerequisites for the examination set out in the personnel licensing standards with respect to
CAR 401.13(1):
a) medical fitness;
b) identification;
c) a recommendation from the flight instructor who is responsible for the training of the
applicant; and
d) experience.
KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS
All subjects in this guide are considered to be important to applicants for the Ultra-light Aeroplane
Pilot Permit and may appear on the exam. Subject areas identified by a bullet (•) are essential
knowledge areas that will be emphasized on the written examination.
EXAMINATION RULES
CAR 400.02
(1) Except as authorized by an invigilator, no person shall, or shall attempt to, in respect of a written
examination:
a) copy or remove from any place all or any portion of the text of the examination;
b) give to or accept from any person a copy of all or any portion of the text of the examination;
c) give help to or accept help from any person during the examination;
d) complete all or any portion of the examination on behalf of any other person; or
e) use any aid or written material during the examination.
(2) A person who commits an act prohibited under subsection (1) fails the examination and may not
take any other examination for a period of one year.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
A pencil is required for rough work. Electronic calculators are useful and are permitted if their
memory is cleared before and after the examination. Computers capable of storing text are not
approved. Navigation tools (ruler/scale, protractor, flight computer) are required for the navigation
questions. A list of approved electronic navigation computers is available at:
http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/general-exams-computers-2179.htm.
5
TIME LIMITS
Examinations, including all sections of a sectionalized examination, that are required for the
issuance of a permit or licence or for the endorsement of a permit or licence with a rating shall be
completed during the 24-month period immediately preceding the date of the application for the
permit, licence or rating 2.
REWRITING OF EXAMINATIONS
CAR 400.04 (1)
Subject to subsections (2) and (6), a person who fails an examination or a section of a sectionalized
examination required for the issuance of a flight crew permit, licence, rating or foreign licence
validation certificate is ineligible to rewrite the examination or the failed section for a period of:
a) in the case of a first failure, 14 days;
b) in the case of a second failure, 30 days; and
c) in the case of a third or subsequent failure, 30 days plus an additional 30 days for each failure
in excess of two failures, up to a maximum of 180 days.
EXAMINATION FEEDBACK
Feedback statements on the results letter will inform the candidate which questions were answered
incorrectly.
Example of a Feedback Statement: Identify the atmospheric conditions favorable for thunderstorm
formation 3.
The Sample Examination – Pilot Permit – Ultra-light Aeroplane (TP 14454E) can be found
at http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/general-exams-guides-menu-2181.htm
6
EXAMINATION
Applicants for the Ultra-light Aeroplane Pilot Permit shall demonstrate their knowledge by writing a
Transport Canada multiple-choice examination on subjects contained in this guide. Applicants must
be able to read the examination questions in either English or French without assistance.
This examination contains questions on the following main subject areas:
Air Law
Navigation
Meteorology
Aeronautics General Knowledge
Emergency Procedures
Examination
Questions
Time Limit
Pass Mark
Ultra-light Aeroplane Pilot
Permit (ULTRA)
80
3 hours
60%
Applicants who obtain less than 60% on the overall examination will, for licensing purposes, be
required to rewrite the complete paper. The rewrite provisions detailed in the CARs Part IV
apply.
7
AIR LAW
SECTION 1: AIR LAW AND PROCEDURES
Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs)
Some CARs refer to their associated standards. Questions from the CARs may test knowledge
from the regulation or the standard.
PART I - GENERAL PROVISIONS
100 - INTERPRETATION
100.01 Interpretation
103 - ADMINISTRATION AND COMPLIANCE
103.02 Inspection of Aircraft, Requests for Production of Documents and Prohibitions
103.03 Return of Canadian Aviation Documents
103.04 Record Keeping
PART II – AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION
200 - INTERPRETATION
200.01 Interpretation
201 - IDENTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT
201.01 Aircraft Identification Plates
202 - AIRCRAFT MARKING AND REGISTRATION
202.01 Requirements for Marks on Aircraft
202.06 Alternative Mark Size or Location
202.13 Registration of Aircraft - General
PART III - AERODROMES AND AIRPORTS
300 - INTERPRETATION
300.01 Interpretation
301 - AERODROMES
301.08 Prohibitions
301.09 Fire Prevention
8
302 - AIRPORTS
302.10 Prohibitions
302.11 Fire Prevention
PART IV - PERSONNEL LICENSING AND TRAINING
400 - GENERAL
400.01 Interpretation
401 - FLIGHT CREW PERMITS, LICENCES AND RATINGS
401.03 Requirement to Hold a Flight Crew Permit, Licence or Rating
401.05 Recency Requirements
401.08 Personal Logs
401.19 Privileges
401.21 Ultra-light Aeroplanes – Privileges-Requirements
401.88 Privileges
401.101 Privileges – Ultra-light Aeroplane Passenger Carrying
404 - MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS
404.03 Requirement to Hold a Medical Certificate
404.04 Issuance, Renewal and Validity Period of medical certificate
404.06 Prohibition Regarding Exercise of Privileges
PART VI - GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES
600 - INTERPRETATION
600.01 Interpretation
601 - AIRSPACE STRUCTURE, CLASSIFICATION AND USE
601.01 Airspace Structure
601.02 Airspace Classification
601.03 Transponder Airspace
601.04 IFR or VFR Flight in Class F Special Use Restricted Airspace or
Class F Special Use Advisory Airspace
601.07 VFR Flight in Class B Airspace
601.08 VFR Flight in Class C Airspace
601.09 VFR Flight in Class D Airspace
AIRCRAFT OPERATING RESTRICTIONS AND HAZARDS TO AVIATION SAFETY
601.15 Forest Fire Aircraft Operating Restrictions
601.16 Issuance of NOTAM for Forest Fire Aircraft Operating Restrictions
9
602 - OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES
603 GENERAL
602.01 Reckless or Negligent Operation of Aircraft
602.02 Fitness of Flight Crew Members
602.03 Alcohol or drugs - Crew Members
602.05 Compliance with Instructions
602.07 Aircraft Operating Limitations
602.10 Starting and Ground Running of Aircraft Engines
602.11 Aircraft Icing
602.12 Overflight of Built-up Areas or Open-air Assemblies of Persons during Take-
offs, Approaches and Landings
602.13 Take-offs, Approaches and Landings within Built-up Area of Cities and Towns
602.14 Minimum Altitudes and Distances
602.15 Permissible Low Altitude Flight
602.19 Right of Way - General
602.20 Right of Way - Aircraft Manoeuvring on Water
602.21 Avoidance of Collision
602.22 Towing
602.23 Dropping of Objects
602.24 Formation Flight
602.29 Hang Glider and Ultra-light Aeroplane Operation
602.31 Compliance with Air Traffic Control Instructions and Clearances
602.34 Cruising Altitudes and Cruising Flight Levels
602.35 Altimeter- setting and Operating Procedures in the Altimeter- setting Region
OPERATIONAL AND EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
602.58 Prohibition
602.59 Equipment Standards
602.61 Survival Equipment – Flights over Land
602.62 Life Preservers and Flotation Devices
602.63 Life Rafts and Survival Equipment- Flights over Water
FLIGHT PREPARATION, FLIGHT PLANS AND FLIGHTS ITINERARIES
602.70 Interpretation
602.71 Pre-Flight Information
602.72 Weather Information
602.73 Requirement to File a Flight Plan or a Flight Itinerary
602.74 Contents of a Flight Plan or a Flight Itinerary
602.75 Filing of a Flight Plan or Flight Itinerary
602.76 Changes in the Flight Plan
602.77 Requirement to File an Arrival Report
602.78 Contents of an Arrival Report
602.79 Overdue Aircraft Report
10
PRE-FLIGHT AND FUEL REQUIREMENTS
602.88 Fuel Requirements
602.89 Passenger Briefings
OPERATIONS AT OR IN THE VICINITY OF AN AERODROME
602.96 General
602.97 VFR and IFR Aircraft Operations at Uncontrolled Aerodromes within a MF Area
602.98 General MF Reporting Requirements
602.99 MF Reporting Procedures before Entering Manoeuvring Area
602.100 MF Reporting Procedures on Departure
602.101 MF Reporting Procedures on Arrival
602.102 MF Reporting Procedures When Flying Continuous Circuits
603.103 Reporting Procedures when Flying through an MF Area
VISUAL FLIGHT RULES
602.114 Minimum Visual Meteorological Conditions for VFR Flight in Controlled Airspace
602.115 Minimum Visual Meteorological Conditions for VFR Flight in Uncontrolled Airspace
602.117 Special VFR Flight
RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS
602.136 Continuous Listening Watch
602.138 Two-way Radiocommunication Failure in VFR Flight
EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY
602.143 Emergency Radio Frequency Capability
602.144 Interception Signals, Interception of Aircraft and Instructions to Land
602.145 ADIZ
605 - AIRCRAFT REQUIREMENTS
605.01 Application
AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT - GENERAL
605.05 Markings and Placards
AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
605.14 Power-driven Aircraft - Day VFR
605.22 Seat and Safety Belt Requirements
605.25 General use of Safety Belts and Restraint Systems
605.29 Flight Control Locks
MISCELLANEOUS
606.02 Liability Insurance
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AIP/AIM
1 Aerodromes
2 Meteorology
3 Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services for VFR Aircraft
4 Search and Rescue
5 Aeronautical Charts and Publications
6 Licensing/ Registration
7 Airmanship
8 AIP Canada, ICAO Supplements
9 Aeronautical Information Circulars
TRANSPORATION SAFETY BOARD OF CANADA (TSB)
1 Definitions
2 Reporting an Aviation Occurrence
3 Protection of Occurrence Site
AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES AND PROCEDURES
1 Air Traffic and Advisory Services
2 Flight Service Stations
3 Communications Procedures
4 Clock Position System, radar service
5 ATC Clearances and Instructions
6 Wake Turbulence Separation
7 Airport/Aerodrome Operations - Controlled
8 Airport/Aerodrome Operations - Uncontrolled
9 Mandatory (MF) and Aerodrome Traffic Frequencies (ATF)
10 VFR En Route Procedures
11 Holding Procedures
12 VFR/IFR Traffic Mix at Uncontrolled Airports/ Aerodromes
12
NAVIGATION
SECTION 2: NAVIGATION
DEFINITIONS
1 Longitude
2 Equator
3 Latitude
4 Variation
5 Deviation
6 Track
7 Heading
8 Airspeed
9 Ground Speed
10 Wind Velocity
11 Drift
MAPS AND CHARTS
1 VTA
2 VNC
3 Topographical Symbols
4 Map Scale
5 Contours and Relief
6 Map Legends
7 Aeronautical Information
8 Locating Position by Latitude and
Longitude
TIME AND LONGITUDE
1 24 Hour System
2 Conversion of UTC to Local and
Vice Versa
CROSS COUNTRY PLANNING
1 Weather Information
2 Use of the Canada Flight
Supplement
3 NOTAM
4 Use of Maps and Charts
5 Track and Distance
6 Time and Ground Speed
7 Fuel Requirements for the Trip
8 Weight and Balance
9 Documents
10 Aircraft Serviceability
11 Flight Plans/Itineraries
CROSS COUNTRY FLYING
1 Set Heading and Visual Angle of
Departure
2 Map Reading
3 Drift Correction
4 Check Points
5 Ground Speed Check and ETA
Revision
6 Diversion to Alternate
7 Procedure When Lost
8 Arrival Procedures
13
METEOROLOGY
SECTION 3: METEOROLOGY
TEMPERATURE
1 Temperature Scales - Fahrenheit
and Celsius
2 Temperature Variations with Altitude
3 Inversions
MOISTURE
1 Relative Humidity/Dewpoint
2 Precipitation
STABLE AND UNSTABLE AIR
1 Characteristics of Stable and
Unstable Air
2 Surface Heating and Cooling
3 Lifting Process
AIR MASSES AND FRONTS
1 Air Masses - definition and
characteristics
2 Fronts - types and associated weather
CLOUDS
1 Formation
2 Types
3 Associated Precipitation and
Turbulence
VISIBILITY
1 Precipitation
2 Fog
3 Haze/Smoke/Dust
4 Blowing Obstructions to Visibility
5 Whiteout
WIND AND TURBULENCE
1 Low Level Wind - variations
2 Wind Shear
3 Topographical Effects
4 Mechanical Turbulence
5 Veer and Back
ALTIMETRY
1 Sea Level Pressure
2 Density Altitude
3 Altimeter Settings
4 Temperature and Pressure Errors
THUNDERSTORMS
1 Requirements for Development
2 Structure
3 Types - air mass/frontal/orographic
4 Squall Lines
5 Avoidance and Hazards -
updrafts/downdrafts/gust fronts/
downbursts/microbursts/hail/rain/
lightning/tornadoes
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES
AVAILABLE TO PILOTS
1 Flight Service Stations (FSS)
2 Transcribed Weather Broadcasts
(TWB)
3 TV Weather Broadcasts
4 Internet
AVIATION WEATHER REPORTS AND
FORECASTS
1 Pilot’s Automatic Telephone
Answering Service (PATWAS)
2 Aviation Routine Weather Report
(METAR)
3 Graphical Area Forecast (GFA)
4 Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)
5 Airman's Meteorological Advisory
(AIRMET)
6 Significant In-flight Weather Warning
Message (SIGMET)
14
AERONAUTICS – GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
SECTION 4: UlTRA-LIGHT AEROPLANE COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS
ULTRA-LIGHT AEROPLANE
1 Definitions
2 Skis/Floats/Wheels
ENGINES
1 Two Stroke Engines
2 Four Stroke Engines
3 Reduction Drives
4 Methods of Cooling
5 Ignition
6 Exhaust Systems
7 Effect of Density Altitude/Humidity
8 Limitations and Operations
9 Carburetor System
10 Carburetor Heat/Icing
11 Mixture
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
1 Generator/Alternator/Battery
2 Master Switch
3 Circuit Breakers/Fuses
LUBRICATING SYSTEMS AND OILS
1 Types Viscosity/Grades/Seasonal
use
2 Filters
3 Fuel/Oil Mixtures
FUEL SYSTEM AND FUELS
1 Types - colours and properties
2 Weight
3 Additives
4 Contamination and Deterioration
5 Venting
6 Fuel Lines/Filters/Drains
7 Detonation - causes/effects
8 Vapour Lock
9 Primers
10 Fuel Management - ground/air
11 Fuel Handling - refuelling aircraft
12 Grounding/Bonding
13 Fuel Selectors
14 Choke
ENGINE INSTRUMENTS
1 Tachometer
2 Exhaust Gas Temperature
3 Cylinder head Temperature
4 Coolant Temperature
5 Oil Pressure and Temperature
PROPELLERS
1 Pitch
2 Diameter
3 Construction Materials
4 Reduction Drives and RPM
5 Balance
6 Mounting
7 Dangers
CARE OF ALL COMPONENTS AND
SYSTEMS
1 Inspection/Condition
2 Maintenance
3 Repairs
15
SECTION 5: THEORY OF FLIGHT
FORCES ACTING ON AN AEROPLANE
1 Lift/Drag/Thrust/Weight
2 Relationship of Lift and Drag to
Angle of Attack
3 Forces Acting on an Aircraft during
Manoeuvres
LOAD FACTOR
1 Centrifugal Force/Weight
2 Load Factor - pulling out of a dive
and in turns
3 Relationship of Load Factor to
Stalling Speed
4 Structural Limitations
5 Gust Loads
WINGS
1 Relative Airflow and Angle of Attack
2 Wing Tip Vortices
3 Area/Span/Chord
4 Aspect Ratio
5 Dihedral
6 Wash In/Wash Out
7 Stall Strips
8 Flaps
PROPELLERS
1 Fixed/Variable Pitch
2 Torque/Slipstream/Gyroscopic
Effect/Asymmetric Thrust
STABILITY
1 Longitudinal/Lateral/Directional
2 Inherent Stability
FLIGHT CONTROLS
1 Aeroplane Axes and Planes of
Movements
2 Function of Controls
3 Relationship Between Yaw and
Roll
4 Adverse Yaw/Aileron Drag
5 Trim/Trimming Devices
16
SECTION 6: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
AIRSPEED INDICATOR
1 Principles of Operation
2 Errors and limitations
3 Markings
ALTIMETER
1 Reading the Altimeter
2 How to set an Altimeter
3 Errors
VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR
1 Reading the VSI
2 Principles of operation
3 Errors and Limits
DIRECT READING MAGNETIC COMPASS
1 Reading the Compass
2 Turning and Acceleration Errors
3 Compass Serviceability Checks
4 Checking Compass Heading on the
ground and in flight
YAW AND BANK INDICATORS
1 Yaw needle
2 Ball
3 Turn and bank indicator
4 Turn co-ordinator
17
SECTION 7: FLIGHT OPERATIONS
GENERAL
1 Pilot-In-Command Responsibilities
2 Correct Use of Checklist
3 Taxiing
4 Illusions Created by Drift
5 Mountain Flying Operations
6 Float Operations
7 Wheelbarrowing
8 Hydro-planing
9 Runway Numbering
10 Approach, Runway, Aerodrome
Markings and Wind Direction
Indicator
11 Obstruction Markings
AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE AND
LIMITATIONS
1 Effects of Contamination on Aircraft
Surface
2 Effects of Density Altitude/ Humidity
3 Gliding for Range
4 Never Exceed Speed
5 Stall
6 Slipping
7 Recommended Safe Recovery
Altitudes
8 Effects of Change of Weight or
Centre of Gravity (C of G) on
Performance
9 Effect of Ice/Snow/Frost/Slush/
Water on Take-off and Landing Run
10 Effect of Various Runway Surfaces
on Take-off and Landing Run
11 Upslope/Downslope Runway
12 Crosswind Charts
WEIGHT AND BALANCE
1 Datum/Arm/ Moment
2 Locating C of G/Hang Point
3 C of G Limits
4 Weights Empty/Gross
Maximum for Take off
5 Load Adjustment/Hang Point
6 Cargo Tie-down/Passenger Loading
7 Wing Area and Loading
WAKE TURBULENCE
1 Causes
2 Effects
3 Avoidance
SEARCH AND RESCUE (SAR)
1 Types of Service Available
2 ELT (Exclude Categories)
3 Survival - basic techniques
AIRCRAFT SURFACE CONTAMINATION
1 Pre-take-off Inspection
2 Hoar Frost
3 Dirt, Insects and Water
FLOAT OPERATIONS
1 Taxiing
2 Take-off and Landing
3 Docking
18
SECTION 8: HUMAN FACTORS
AVIATION PHYSIOLOGY
1 Hypoxia/Hyperventilation
2 Vision/Visual Scanning Techniques
3 Hearing
4 Orientation/Disorientation - Including
Visual/Vestibular illusions
5 Load Factors – Positive, Negative
6 Sleep/Fatigue
7 Anesthetics/Blood Donations
8 Scuba Diving
THE PILOT AND THE OPERATING
ENVIRONMENT
1 Personal Health/Fitness
2 Diet/Nutrition
3 Medications (Prescribed and Over-
the-counter)
4 Substance Abuse (Alcohol/ Drugs)
5 Pregnancy
6 Heat/Cold
7 Noise/Vibration
8 Effects of Smoking
9 Toxic Hazards (Including Carbon
Monoxide)
10 Personal Safety Equipment
AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY
1 The Decision-Making Process
2 Factors That Influence Decision-
Making
3 Situational Awareness
4 Stress
5 Managing Risk
6 Attitudes
7 Workload - attention and information
processing
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS
1 Communications with Air Traffic
Services/Passengers
2 Operating Pressures - family
relationships/peer group
SECTION 9 : EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
1 Engine Failure
2 Fire - electrical/engine
3 Forced Landings
4 Ballistic Parachute Recovery
Systems
5 Water Egress
19
RECOMMENDED STUDY MATERIAL
A.I.P. / Aeronautical Information Manual (A.I.M.)
Air Command Weather Manual (TP 9352E)
Air Command Weather Manual (Supplement) (TP 9353E)
Canada Flight Supplement
Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs)
Sample Examination for Ultra-light Pilot Permit (TP 14454E)
Flight Training Manual (TP 1102E)
From the Ground Up
Human Factors for Aviation - Basic Handbook (TP 12863E)
VFR Navigation Charts (VNC)/VFR Terminal Area Charts (VTA)
Ultralight and Light Plane Condition Manual (UPAC)
Ultralight Pilot’s Manual of Aerodynamics, Meteorology and Navigation (UPAC)
Student Pilot Permit or Private Pilot Licence for Foreign and Military Applicants, Air
Regulations (PSTAR) (TP 11919E)
The Ultralight Pilot’s Flight Training Manual (USUA)
The Study Guide for the Radiotelephone Operator's Restricted Certificate (Aeronautical) is
available free of charge from district offices of Industry Canada - Examination and Radio
Licensing (http://www.strategis.gc.ca/).
Information on text books and other publications produced by commercial publishers can be
obtained through local flying training organizations, bookstores and similar sources.
Publications used in pilot training in the United States are available through the Superintendent
of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
(http://www.access.gpo.gov/index.html).
ENQUIRIES
Information concerning the location of pilot training organizations and matters pertaining to flight
crew licensing may be obtained by contacting the appropriate Regional Offices. A complete
listing may be found at: http://www.tc.gc.ca/CivilAviation/General/Exams/Centres.htm
