text of the treaty.pdf

Text of the Treaty

The States concluding this Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Parties to the Treaty,

Considering the devastation that would be visited upon all mankind by a nuclear war and

the consequent need to make every effort to avert the danger of such a war and to take

measures to safeguard the security of peoples,

Believing that the proliferation of nuclear weapons would seriously enhance the danger

of nuclear war,

In conformity with resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly calling for the

conclusion of an agreement on the prevention of wider dissemination of nuclear weapons,

Undertaking to co-operate in facilitating the application of International Atomic Energy

Agency safeguards on peaceful nuclear activities,

Expressing their support for research, development and other efforts to further the

application, within the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards

system, of the principle of safeguarding effectively the ow of source and special ssionable

materials by use of instruments and other techniques at certain strategic points,

Afrming the principle that the benets of peaceful applications of nuclear technology,

including any technological by-products which may be derived by nuclear-weapon States

from the development of nuclear explosive devices, should be available for peaceful

purposes to all Parties to the Treaty, whether nuclear-weapon or non-nuclear-weapon

States,

Convinced that, in furtherance of this principle, all Parties to the Treaty are entitled to

participate in the fullest possible exchange of scientic information for, and to contribute

alone or in co-operation with other States to, the further development of the applications

of atomic energy for peaceful purposes,

Declaring their intention to achieve at the earliest possible date the cessation of the nuclear

arms race and to undertake effective measures in the direction of nuclear disarmament,

Urging the co-operation of all States in the attainment of this objective,

Recalling the determination expressed by the Parties to the 1963 Treaty banning nuclear

weapons tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water in its Preamble to seek

to achieve the discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time and to

continue negotiations to this end,

Desiring to further the easing of international tension and the strengthening of trust between

States in order to facilitate the cessation of the manufacture of nuclear weapons, the

liquidation of all their existing stockpiles, and the elimination from national arsenals of

nuclear weapons and the means of their delivery pursuant to a Treaty on general and

complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,

Recalling that, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, States must refrain in

their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or

political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes

of the United Nations, and that the establishment and maintenance of international peace

and security are to be promoted with the least diversion for armaments of the world’s

human and economic resources, Have agreed as follows:

Article I

Each nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty undertakes not to transfer to any recipient

whatsoever nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices or control over such weapons

or explosive devices directly, or indirectly; and not in any way to assist, encourage, or induce

any non-nuclear-weapon State to manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons

or other nuclear explosive devices, or control over such weapons or explosive devices.

Article II

Each non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty undertakes not to receive the transfer from

any transferor whatsoever of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices or of control

over such weapons or explosive devices directly, or indirectly; not to manufacture or otherwise

acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices; and not to seek or receive

any assistance in the manufacture of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices.

Article III

1. Each non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty undertakes to accept safeguards,

as set forth in an agreement to be negotiated and concluded with the International

Atomic Energy Agency in accordance with the Statute of the International Atomic

Energy Agency and the Agency’s safeguards system, for the exclusive purpose of

verication of the fullment of its obligations assumed under this Treaty with a view

to preventing diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful uses to nuclear weapons or

other nuclear explosive devices. Procedures for the safeguards required by this Article

shall be followed with respect to source or special ssionable material whether it is

being produced, processed or used in any principal nuclear facility or is outside any

such facility. The safeguards required by this Article shall be applied on all source or

special ssionable material in all peaceful nuclear activities within the territory of such

State, under its jurisdiction, or carried out under its control anywhere.

2. Each State Party to the Treaty undertakes not to provide: (a) source or special

ssionable material, or (b) equipment or material especially designed or prepared for

the processing, use or production of special ssionable material, to any non-nuclear-

weapon State for peaceful purposes, unless the source or special ssionable material

shall be subject to the safeguards required by this Article.

3. The safeguards required by this Article shall be implemented in a manner designed

to comply with Article IV of this Treaty, and to avoid hampering the economic or

technological development of the Parties or international co-operation in the eld

of peaceful nuclear activities, including the international exchange of nuclear

material and equipment for the processing, use or production of nuclear material for

peaceful purposes in accordance with the provisions of this Article and the principle of

safeguarding set forth in the Preamble of the Treaty.

4. Non-nuclear-weapon States Party to the Treaty shall conclude agreements with the

International Atomic Energy Agency to meet the requirements of this Article either

individually or together with other States in accordance with the Statute of the International

Atomic Energy Agency. Negotiation of such agreements shall commence within 180

days from the original entry into force of this Treaty. For States depositing their instruments

of ratication or accession after the 180-day period, negotiation of such agreements

shall commence not later than the date of such deposit. Such agreements shall enter

into force not later than eighteen months after the date of initiation of negotiations.

Article IV

1. Nothing in this Treaty shall be interpreted as affecting the inalienable right of all the

Parties to the Treaty to develop research, production and use of nuclear energy for

peaceful purposes without discrimination and in conformity with Articles I and II of this

Treaty.

2. All the Parties to the Treaty undertake to facilitate, and have the right to participate in,

the fullest possible exchange of equipment, materials and scientic and technological

information for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Parties to the Treaty in a position to do

so shall also co-operate in contributing alone or together with other States or international

organizations to the further development of the applications of nuclear energy for

peaceful purposes, especially in the territories of non-nuclear-weapon States Party to

the Treaty, with due consideration for the needs of the developing areas of the world.

Article V

Each Party to the Treaty undertakes to take appropriate measures to ensure that,

in accordance with this Treaty, under appropriate international observation and

through appropriate international procedures, potential benets from any peaceful

applications of nuclear explosions will be made available to non-nuclear-weapon States

Party to the Treaty on a non-discriminatory basis and that the charge to such Parties

for the explosive devices used will be as low as possible and exclude any charge for

research and development. Non-nuclear-weapon States Party to the Treaty shall

be able to obtain such benets, pursuant to a special international agreement or

agreements, through an appropriate international body with adequate representation

of non-nuclear-weapon States. Negotiations on this subject shall commence as soon

as possible after the Treaty enters into force. Non-nuclear-weapon States Party to the

Treaty so desiring may also obtain such benets pursuant to bilateral agreements.

Article VI

Each of the Parties to the Treaty undertakes to pursue negotiations in good faith on

effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and

to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under

strict and effective international control.

Article VII

Nothing in this Treaty affects the right of any group of States to conclude regional treaties

in order to assure the total absence of nuclear weapons in their respective territories.

Article VIII

1. Any Party to the Treaty may propose amendments to this Treaty. The text of any proposed

amendment shall be submitted to the Depositary Governments which shall circulate

it to all Parties to the Treaty. Thereupon, if requested to do so by one-third or more of

the Parties to the Treaty, the Depositary Governments shall convene a conference, to

which they shall invite all the Parties to the Treaty, to consider such an amendment.

2. Any amendment to this Treaty must be approved by a majority of the votes of all the

Parties to the Treaty, including the votes of all nuclear-weapon States Party to the Treaty

and all other Parties which, on the date the amendment is circulated, are members of

the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The amendment

shall enter into force for each Party that deposits its instrument of ratication of the

amendment upon the deposit of such instruments of ratication by a majority of all

the Parties, including the instruments of ratication of all nuclear-weapon States Party

to the Treaty and all other Parties which, on the date the amendment is circulated,

are members of the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Thereafter, it shall enter into force for any other Party upon the deposit of its instrument

of ratication of the amendment.

3. Five years after the entry into force of this Treaty, a conference of Parties to the Treaty shall

be held in Geneva, Switzerland, in order to review the operation of this Treaty with a view

to assuring that the purposes of the Preamble and the provisions of the Treaty are being

realised. At intervals of ve years thereafter, a majority of the Parties to the Treaty may obtain,

by submitting a proposal to this effect to the Depositary Governments, the convening

of further conferences with the same objective of reviewing the operation of the Treaty.

Article IX

1. This Treaty shall be open to all States for signature. Any State which does not sign the

Treaty before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article may

accede to it at any time.

2. This Treaty shall be subject to ratication by signatory States. Instruments of ratication

and instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Governments of the United

Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

and the United States of America, which are hereby designated the Depositary

Governments.

3. This Treaty shall enter into force after its ratication by the States, the Governments of

which are designated Depositaries of the Treaty, and forty other States signatory to this

Treaty and the deposit of their instruments of ratication. For the purposes of this Treaty,

a nuclear-weapon State is one which has manufactured and exploded a nuclear

weapon or other nuclear explosive device prior to 1 January 1967.

4. For States whose instruments of ratication or accession are deposited subsequent to

the entry into force of this Treaty, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of

their instruments of ratication or accession.

5. The Depositary Governments shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of

the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratication or of

accession, the date of the entry into force of this Treaty, and the date of receipt of any

requests for convening a conference or other notices.

6. This Treaty shall be registered by the Depositary Governments pursuant to Article 102

of the Charter of the United Nations.

Article X

1. Each Party shall in exercising its national sovereignty have the right to withdraw from

the Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events, related to the subject matter of this

Treaty, have jeopardized the supreme interests of its country. It shall give notice of such

withdrawal to all other Parties to the Treaty and to the United Nations Security Council

three months in advance. Such notice shall include a statement of the extraordinary

events it regards as having jeopardized its supreme interests.

2. Twenty-ve years after the entry into force of the Treaty, a conference shall be convened

to decide whether the Treaty shall continue in force indenitely, or shall be extended

for an additional xed period or periods. This decision shall be taken by a majority of

the Parties to the Treaty.

Article XI

This Treaty, the English, Russian, French, Spanish and Chinese texts of which are equally

authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Depositary Governments. Duly

certied copies of this Treaty shall be transmitted by the Depositary Governments to the

Governments of the signatory and acceding States.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorized, have signed this Treaty.

DONE in triplicate, at the cities of London, Moscow and Washington, the rst day of July,

one thousand nine hundred and sixty-eight.

_________

Note: On 11 May 1995, in accordance with article X, paragraph 2, the Review and Extension

Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

decided that the Treaty should continue in force indenitely (see decision 3).